Ishede lamalahle lidinga ukwesekwa okuqinile kanye nokuvikelwa okuzinzile. Izindawo eziningi zibhekene nomoya, imvula, uthuli, kanye nemithwalo emikhulu yokugcina izinto. Isakhiwo sensimbi sinikeza ikhambi eliphephile nelisebenzayo. Liphatha ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kanye nobubanzi obubanzi. Liphinde lisekele ukufakwa okusheshayo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuzinzile isikhathi eside.
Kungani Isakhiwo Sensimbi
Ishede lamalahle ligcina izinto ezinkulu ezinobuningi obukhulu. Amashede amalahle adinga isikhala esiningi ukuze afake imishini emikhulu yokumba noma amaloli. Isakhiwo kumele sigcine imishini emikhulu isebenza. Insimbi inikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza okubikezelwayo. Ugongolo lwensimbi olujwayelekile lwe-Q355 lunikeza amandla amakhulu okukhiqiza. Lusekela ububanzi obungamamitha angu-20 kuya kwangu-80. Lobubanzi obubanzi budala isikhala esicacile sama-loaders namabhande.
Isakhiwo sensimbifuthi iphatha kahle imithwalo enamandla. Imishini iyanyakaza futhi iyadlidliza. Izisebenzi zishayela amaloli futhi zishintsha amalahle. Lezi zenzo zidala amandla okushaya.Ozimele bensimbiukumelana nala mandla ngokulawula ukuphambuka okuzinzile. Onjiniyela bagcina ukuphambuka ngaphansi kwe-L/250 ukuze bavikele amaphaneli ophahla.
Insimbi isekela izinguquko zesakhiwo eziguquguqukayo. Indawo ingandisa indawo yokugcina ngo-30% eminyakeni emithathu. Izinhlelo zensimbi zivumela ukwanda kwebholiti. Amaqembu engeza ozimele abasha noma andise ama-conveyor ngezixhumi ezilula. Lokhu kuguquguquka kusekela izinhlelo zokumba zesikhathi eside.
Izinzuzo
Amashede amalahle endabuko asebenzisa izitini nokhonkolo. Lezi zinto zakha izindonga ezijiyile nophahla olusindayo. Ishede likakhonkolo lidinga isikhathi eside sokulungisa. I-slab ngayinye idinga okungenani izinsuku ezingu-14 zokulungisa. Ishede lensimbi lisika kakhulu kulokhu. Ithimba liqeda ishede elingamamitha angu-50 ubude ngezinsuku ezingu-45. Uhlelo lukakhonkolo lungathatha izinsuku ezingu-80.
Insimbi iphinde yehlise izindleko zesisekelo. Uhlaka lwensimbi lunesisindo esingaphansi kohlaka lwekhonkrithi. Lunciphisa umthwalo ofile ngo-40% kuya ku-60%. Uhlaka olulula ludinga isisekelo esincane. Lokhu kusindisa cishe u-15% wezindleko zesisekelo eshedini elingama-2,000-m².
Umoya ongenisayo nawo uyathuthuka ngensimbi. Amashede ensimbi asekela ama-ventilator ophahleni kanye namaphaneli asohlangothini. Onjiniyela bafaka ama-ventilator njalo ngamamitha ayi-10. Lokhu kunciphisa umswakama futhi kuvikela ikhwalithi yamalahle. Amashede ekhonkrithi anezinketho ezimbalwa zomoya ongenisayo ngenxa yophahla olusindayo.
Ukugcinwa kwesakhiwo kuhlala kulula. Izakhiwo zensimbi zisebenzisa izembozo ezilwa nokugqwala. Ishede elinoqweqwe oluyi-120-micron lidinga ukupenda kabusha okukodwa kuphela njalo eminyakeni engu-8 kuya kwengu-10. Amashede ekhonkrithi ayaqhekeka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kokushisa futhi adinga ukupeyintwa njalo eminyakeni emibili. Insimbi inciphisa lo mjikelezo omude wokulungiswa.
Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okuklama
Umklamo omuhle wandisa impilo yenkonzo yeshedi. Abaklami baqala ngokubheka umthwalo womoya, umthwalo weqhwa, kanye nezinga lokuzamazama komhlaba. Imithwalo yomoya ingafinyelela ku-0.5 kN/m² ezindaweni zokumba ezivulekile. Onjiniyela bakhetha amalungu ohlaka ngokusekelwe kuleli nani. Imithambeka yophahla ivame ukuhlala phakathi kuka-10° no-15°. Lo mithambeka usekela ukugeleza kwemvula futhi unciphisa ukwakheka kweqhwa.
Umklamo wokuphepha komlilo nawo ubalulekile. Amalahle angafudumala lapho egcinwe khona. Ishede elinomoya ongcolile libeka engcupheni yokuqongelela ukushisa. Onjiniyela babala ukuhamba komoya njalo ngamamitha ayi-15 ubude. Bafaka ama-ridge vents noma amafeni omshini uma ukuhamba komoya kuhlala kuphansi. Uhlelo lwefeni olunamandla angu-20,000 m³/h lusekela ukungenisa umoya okuzinzile.
Ukulawulwa kokugqwala kuthinta impilo ende. Uthuli lwamalahle luqukethe isibabule. Insimbi ingagqwala ngokushesha kule ndawo. Abaklami bakhetha izembozo ezilinganiswe ngaphezu kwe-C3 noma i-C4. Izendlalelo ze-zinc ezingama-micron angu-80 kuya kwangu-120 zivame ukusebenza kahle. Ezimayini zasogwini, abaklami bakhetha izilinganiso eziphakeme.
Abaklami bahlela nokuphakama okucacile. I-loader ingadinga amamitha angu-4.5 okuvula. Ama-conveyor amabhande angadinga amamitha angu-6. Amashede amaningi asebenzisa ukuphakama okucacile kwamamitha angu-8 kuya kwangu-12. Lokhu kuphakama kusekela ukuhamba kweloli kanye nemishini yokulawula uthuli. Lawa manani agcina indawo isebenza kahle futhi iphephile.
Izinyathelo Zokuqapha Ukwakha
Amaqembu okwakha kumele alandele imithetho eminingana. Ahlola ilungu ngalinye lensimbi ngaphambi kokuphakamisa. Ugongolo olujwayelekile lunesisindo esingu-300 kuya ku-700 kg. Izisebenzi ziqinisekisa izindawo zembobo yebholidi kanye nobukhulu bembobo ebusweni. Ububanzi obujwayelekile bungama-micron angu-80 kuya ku-120. Uma uboya buwela ngaphansi kwalolu bubanzi, ziphinde zimboze ilungu.
Amaqembu ahlola nokuqondana ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Agcina ukuphambuka kwekholomu kungaphansi kwama-5 mm. Aphinde aqondise ama-roof trusses ngaphambi kokuqinisa amabhawodi. Ubude be-truss obungamamitha angu-30 kumele bugcine i-camber ilingana. I-camber engalingani ithinta amaphaneli ophahla kanye nokufakwa kwe-vent.
Amaphaneli ophahla adinga ukuvalwa ngokucophelela. Amashede amalahle adala uthuli kanye nomswakama. Iphaneli yensimbi engu-0.5-mm ene-EPS noma i-rock wool insulation isebenza kahle. Amaqembu avala amajoyinti nge-butyl tape. Abeka umugqa wetheyiphu owodwa kuwo wonke amajoyinti ephaneli. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuvuza futhi kugcine amalahle omile.
Amadivayisi okulawula uthuli adinga ozimele bokusekela. Abafaki bafaka ama-bracket njalo ngamamitha amathathu ukuze babambe amapayipi nezinzwa. Baphinde bahlole izinto zokubona umlilo. Ishede livame ukusebenzisa izinto zokubona eziyi-15 kuya kwezingama-25 kuye ngobukhulu. Amaqembu abeka neziteshi zokukhipha amanzi azungeze ishede. Uthuli lwamalahle luhlangana namanzi emvula. Ukukhipha amanzi okuhle kuvikela izisekelo.
Izidingo eziphezulu zezingxenye
Njengamanje, isakhiwo sohlaka lwensimbi esivame ukusetshenziswa ezindlini zamalahle sinezidingo eziphezulu zokukhiqiza nokufaka izingxenye.
Ukwelashwa kwezinto zokwakha kanye nokulwa nokugqwala kwezingxenye zensimbi kumele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zomklamo. Lokhu kunquma ngqo amandla esakhiwo kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo yesakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubude, ukujiya, kanye nendawo yemigodi yamabholithi yezingxenye kumele kubhekisele ngokuqinile emidwebweni yomklamo.
Amaphutha ngobude bezingxenye kanye nemigodi yokufaka kuzobangela ukuthi izingxenye zingafakwa kahle. Ukulungisa la maphutha ngeke kuchithe isikhathi esiningi ngesikhathi sokwakha, kodwa futhi kungabeka izingozi ezifihliwe ngokuphepha kwesakhiwo.
Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izingxenye zesakhiwo sensimbi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nabakhiqizi abaqinile. Isibonelo, iHarbin Dongan Building Sheets Company, eyenze amaphrojekthi amaningi esakhiwo sensimbi, ineqembu eliqinile labaklami. Ngokusekelwe eminyakeni eminingi yesipiliyoni, bangaklama isakhiwo ngendlela eqondiwe ngokwezidingo zamakhasimende. Lokhu kungagwema izinkinga eziningi ezingadingekile kumakhasimende.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iDongan Company inamandla okukhiqiza aqinile. Ifektri inemishini ethuthukisiwe njengemishini yokusika nge-laser kanye nama-drill e-3D CNC, anganciphisa amaphutha okucubungula umkhiqizo futhi aqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo ingafakwa kahle.
Ishede lamalahle lesakhiwo sensimbi linikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kanye nokufakwa okusheshayo. Linciphisa izindleko futhi lithuthukisa ukuhamba komoya. Lifanelana nezindawo ezintsha zokumba kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezindala. Amaqembu ajabulela nezinketho zokwandisa eziguquguqukayo ngamafreyimu ensimbi.
Ngomklamo omuhle kanye nokwakhiwa ngokucophelela, ishede lamalahle lensimbi lisebenza kahle iminyaka eminingi. Livikela ikhwalithi yamalahle, imishini, kanye nezisebenzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-04-2025