Indlu yokugcina izitshalo zamakhukhamba idala indawo yokukhula ezinzile enokushisa okulawulwayo nokukhanya. Amapulazi amaningi asebenzisa lolu hlelo ngoba amakhukhamba akhula ngokushesha futhi adinga ukuvikelwa okuthembekile. Indlu yokugcina izitshalo ithuthukisa isivuno futhi inciphisa imikhawulo yesizini. Ipulazi elijwayelekile landisa umkhiqizo waminyaka yonke ngo-20% ngesakhiwo esakhiwe kahle.
Isakhiwo
Isakhiwo sensimbikuyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sokwakha izindlu zokugcina izithombo.isakhiwo sensimbi esiluhlaza okotshaniisebenzisa ozimele abaqinile, ama-arches ophahleni, izindonga eziseceleni, kanye nezinhlelo zokumboza. Isakhiwo sakha igobolondo elivikelayo elisekela ukukhula kwekhukhamba okunempilo. Izindawo eziningi zokugcina izitshalo zifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-6 kuya kwangu-10. Amapulazi amaningi asebenzisa ububanzi obusukela kumamitha angu-8 kuya kwangu-12. Amaphrojekthi amakhulu asebenzisa ububanzi obufika kumamitha angu-20 ukuze kukhiqizwe kakhulu. Isikhala sohlaka ngokuvamile sihlala phakathi kwamamitha angu-1.2 nangu-2.0.
Uphahla lusebenzisa ama-arches agobile aqondisa amanzi emvula ngokuphephile. Lo mumo ugwema izinkinga zokucindezela kwamanzi futhi unciphisa izingozi zomthwalo weqhwa. Uthambeko olujwayelekile lophahla lusukela ku-18° kuya ku-25°. Izindonga eziseceleni zisebenzisa izinsika zensimbi ezibamba imithwalo yomoya. Indlu yokugezela evamile imelana nesivinini somoya esifinyelela ku-80 km/h. Eminye imiklamo enzima ifinyelela ku-100 km/h.
Lesi sakhiwo sisekela umoya wemvelo onezimbobo zomoya eziseceleni kanye nezimbobo zomoya eziphahleni. Amapulazi avame ukufaka izimbobo zomoya ezimbili eziphahleni ezinobubanzi obuphelele obungaba yi-1.5 m. Izimbobo zomoya eziseceleni zivame ukufinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-40 ngamayunithi amakhulu. Lezi zimbobo zomoya zigcina umswakama uzinzile futhi zinciphise ingozi yezifo.
Indlu yokugcina izitshalo ifaka izinhlelo zokusekela zangaphakathi njengezintambo zokulengisa zemivini yamakhukhamba. Isikhala ngasinye sezintambo sihlala cishe ku-0.4 m kuya ku-0.5 m. Izindlela zangaphakathi zivumela abasebenzi ukuphatha izitshalo kalula. Ukuhlelwa okuhle kunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza ngo-15%.
Izinhlelo zokukhanyisa zingena emaceleni ophahleni. Imichilo ye-LED yonga amandla angu-35% uma kuqhathaniswa nezibani ezindala. Iziteshi zamanzi zihamba ezinhlangothini zombili zokunisela. Ukuhlelwa okuhle kugcina ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi ngisho nakuzo zonke imigqa yezitshalo.
Izinto Ezisetshenzisiwe
Indlu yokugcina izimbali yesakhiwo sensimbi isebenzisa izinto ezisekela amandla, ukuqina, kanye nokuqina kwesikhathi eside. Amafreyimu amakhulu asebenzisa insimbi egayiwe eshisayo. Amafreyimu amaningi asebenzisa amashubhu ayindilinga noma ayisikwele angama-60 mm kuya ku-100 mm. Ukufakwa kwe-zinc kuvame ukufinyelela ku-80 g kuya ku-120 g ngemitha yesikwele. Lokhu kufakwa kwandisa impilo yenkonzo ibe yiminyaka eyi-15 kuya kwengama-20.
Izinsika eziwela phansi kanye nezinsika zangaphakathi zisebenzisa amashubhu angu-25 mm kuya ku-40 mm. Lawa mashubhu anciphisa isisindo kodwa agcina amandla amahle. Amapulazi amaningi akhetha ubukhulu bodonga obungu-0.8 mm kuya ku-1.2 mm ukuze asekele ngokuqinile. Izinsika ezivikela ukuzamazama ngesikhathi seziphepho.
Izinto zokumboza zidlala indima ebalulekile. Izindawo eziningi zokugcina izithombo zisebenzisa ifilimu ye-polyethylene engu-150-micron. Le filimu idlulisela ukukhanya okungu-85%. Amanye amapulazi asebenzisa amafilimu angu-180-micron ukuthuthukisa ukuqina. Amanye akhetha amaphepha e-polycarbonate anobukhulu obungu-6mm noma 8mm. Lawa maphepha amelana nesichotho futhi anciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa ngo-25%.
Isisekelo somhlabathi sidinga ukubambelela okuqinile. Amapulazi amaningi asebenzisa izisekelo zekhonkrithi ezinokujula okungu-400 mm kuya ku-700 mm kuye ngohlobo lomhlabathi. Amabhawodi okubambelela avame ukukala usayizi we-M10 noma we-M12. Ukubambelela okuhle kugcina ozimele zizinzile ngaphansi komoya onamandla.
Izinto zokungenisa umoya zifaka phakathi i-mesh, ama-roller, kanye nezinhlelo ze-crank. Izikrini ze-mesh zisebenzisa i-mesh engu-40 noma engu-50 ukuze kugcinwe izinambuzane kude. Ama-roller avula amafilimu kahle futhi anciphise umsebenzi wezandla.
Izinto zangaphakathi zifaka izintambo zensimbi, amapayipi epulasitiki, imigqa yokuconsa, kanye namanethi omthunzi. Imigqa yokuconsa isebenzisa amazinga okugeleza acishe abe yi-2 L ngehora. Amanethi omthunzi avame ukuvimba ukukhanya okungu-30% kuya ku-50% kuye ngesimo sezulu. Izintambo zokusekela zibamba imivini yamakhukhamba engafinyelela ukukhula okungu-2 m phakathi nenyanga eyodwa.
Izinzuzo
Indlu yokutshala ikhukhamba eyakhiwe ngesakhiwo sensimbi inikeza ukusebenza okuzinzile kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Amapulazi amaningi abika ukwanda kwesivuno okungu-25% kuya ku-40% ngenxa yezimo ezilawulwayo. Amakhukhamba akhula ngokushesha ngoba indlu yokutshala igcina isimo sezulu esifudumele. Izinga lokushisa lihlala lisuka ku-20°C kuya ku-26°C emini kanye no-16°C kuya ku-18°C ebusuku. Lolu hlobo oluzinzile luvikela izimbali nezithelo.
Amafreyimu ensimbi ahlala isikhathi eside. Insimbi egayiwe eshisiwe imelana nokugqwala iminyaka eyi-15 kuya kwengama-20. Ezinye izembozo ezijiyile zifinyelela eminyakeni engama-25. Lokhu kuqina kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa ngamaphesenti angama-30. Lesi sakhiwo siphinde sibhekane nomoya onamandla kanye nemvula enkulu, okuvikela izitshalo ngesikhathi seziphepho.
Indlu yokugcina izitshalo ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi. Ukunisela ngamaconsi konga amanzi angu-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nokunisela ngaphezulu. Umswakama uhlala ulinganisela, okunciphisa ukusabalala kwezifo. Amapulazi amaningi anciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane ngo-20% ngoba umswakama uhlala uzinzile.
Indlu yokugcina ikhukhamba eyakhiwe ngensimbi ivumela ukuvundiswa okunembile. Izinhlelo zomanyolo owuketshezi zithuthukisa ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba ngo-15%. Lokhu kunemba kwandisa usayizi wezithelo futhi kunciphisa imfucuza. Uhlelo luphinde lusekele ukukhiqizwa konyaka wonke. Amapulazi angavuna ukhukhamba izinyanga eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-12 kuye ngesimo sezulu.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuyanda ngezinto zesimanje. Amashidi e-polycarbonate anciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa ngo-20% kuya ku-25%. Izibani ze-LED zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-35% kuya ku-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-bulb amadala. Izilawuli zokushisa zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-heater ngo-10% kuya ku-15%.
Ukuphathwa kwabasebenzi kuyathuthuka ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esihlanzekile. Izisebenzi zihamba kalula emigqeni ehlelekile. Amapulazi amaningi anciphisa amahora okusebenza ngo-10% ngoba amathuluzi nezindlela zihlala zicacile. Ukuhamba komoya okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kunciphisa nengozi yesikhunta, okugcina izithelo zihlanzekile.
Amaphuzu Abalulekile Okuklama
Amaqembu okuklama afunda ngesimo sezulu, inhlabathi, umthwalo womoya, kanye nokukhanya kwelanga ngaphambi kokuhlela i-greenhouse. Akhetha ukuphakama nobubanzi ngokusekelwe esifundeni. Izindawo ezishisayo zisebenzisa izakhiwo ezinde ezinokuphakama okungu-6 m kuya ku-7 m ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba komoya. Izindawo ezibandayo zisebenzisa uphahla oluphansi ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa. Izindawo ezinomoya zidinga izinsika eziqinile ezinamapayipi ensimbi ajiyile.
Abaklami bakhetha izinto zokumboza ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokukhanya. Amakhukhamba adinga ukukhanya okunamandla, ngakho-ke ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya okungu-85% kusebenza kahle. Amanye amapulazi afaka amafilimu okusabalalisa ukukhanya athuthukisa ukusabalala kokukhanya ngo-20%. Lokhu kukhanya okufanayo kunciphisa ukusha kwamaqabunga.
Umklamo womoya opholile ubalulekile empilweni yekhukhamba. Izikhala zomoya ophahleni zivame ukufinyelela ku-8% kuya ku-12% wendawo yonke yophahla. Izikhala zomoya ezisemaceleni zinwebeka ku-70% wobude bodonga. Lokhu kusekelwa komoya ohamba kahle futhi kususa umoya omanzi. Umoya opholile omuhle unciphisa ingozi yesifo ngo-30%.
Umklamo wokunisela uhlanganisa amathangi amanzi, izihlungi, kanye nemigqa yokuconsa. Indlu eluhlaza engu-1000 m² ingasebenzisa imigqa yokuconsa engu-60 kuya ku-80. Umugqa ngamunye usekela izitshalo eziningi. Izinhlelo eziningi zifaka phakathi izijovo zokufaka umanyolo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulawulwa kwezakhamzimba.
Uhlelo lokusekela lubamba imivini yamakhukhamba. Abaklami babeka izintambo zokusekela njalo nge-0.5 m. Ucingo ngalunye lusekela isisindo sesitshalo esifinyelela ku-15 kg. Izisebenzi zibopha iziqeshana zemivini ezintanjeni, okugcina izithelo zihlanzekile futhi ziqondile.
Umklamo wokushisa ubalulekile ezindaweni ezibandayo. Amapayipi amanzi ashisayo noma ama-heater kagesi agcina izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-15°C ebusuku. Ezinye izinhlelo zisebenzisa ama-W angu-30 kuya kwangu-50 ngemitha yesikwele. Umklamo womthunzi ubalulekile ezindaweni ezishisayo. Amanethi omthunzi anciphisa umthwalo welanga ngo-30% kuya ku-50%.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-02-2025