Amakamelo okubanda ezithelo avikela izithelo ezintsha ngesikhathi sokugcina nokuthutha. Izimakethe eziningi namapulazi asebenzisa lesi sixazululo ukugcina izithelo ziphephile isikhathi eside. Indawo ezinzile ibambezela ukuvuthwa futhi inciphise ukulahleka. Izithelo eziningi zihlala zisesimweni esihle lapho amazinga okushisa ehlala phakathi kuka-0°C no-10°C. Umswakama ophakathi kuka-85% no-95% nawo uyasiza. Amakamelo okubanda ezithelo esimanje anikeza ukuvikelwa okuqinile, amandla okupholisa aqinile, kanye nokulawula okunembile. Lezi zinhlelo zikhonza ama-apula, amapheya, amagilebhisi, amajikijolo, kanye nezithelo eziningi zasezindaweni ezishisayo. Igumbi lokubanda lithuthukisa ubusha cishe ngo-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo yokugcina evulekile.
Abalingiswa Abayinhloko Bezindawo Zokubandayo Zezithelo
Isitheloamakamelo abandayogxila ekushiseni okuzinzile, umswakama ofanele, kanye nokugeleza komoya okuhlanzekile. Lezi zinhlamvu ezintathu zisekela isikhathi eside sokuhlala eshalofini. Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kulimaza ikhwalithi yezithelo esikhathini esingaphansi kwehora elilodwa. Ukulahlekelwa umswakama nakho kugcizelela izithelo futhi kunciphisa isisindo. Abasebenzi abaningi babeka umswakama ku-90% wokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke. Ijubane lokugeleza komoya livame ukuhlala eduze kuka-1.5 m/s ukuvikela izithelo ezithambile.
Izithelo ezahlukene zidinga izimo ezahlukene. Ama-apula ahlala emasha ku-0°C. Amagilebhisi athanda u-1°C. Izithelo ze-citrus zidinga u-3°C kuya ku-7°C. Umango udinga u-10°C ukuze ugweme ukulimala okubandayo. Lolu hlu olubanzi lubonisa ukuthi kungani igumbi elibandayo kufanele linikeze ukulawula okuqinile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nakho kwakha uhlamvu olubalulekile. Igumbi lokubanda lezithelo elingama-20 m³ livame ukudinga amandla okupholisa angaba ngu-1.5 kW. Igumbi elingama-100 m³ lingadinga ama-5 kW. Ukufakwa komoya ofudumele okulungile kunciphisa lo mthwalo. Iminyango emihle igcina nomoya ofudumele ungangeni. Igumbi elibandayo kumele limelane nokushisa kwangaphandle okuvela ezindongeni naseminyango.
Ukuphepha nakho kubalulekile. Uhlelo luhlanganisa ama-alamu axwayisayo lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-1°C. Abasebenzi abaningi bafaka izinzwa ze-CO₂ ngoba izithelo ziyaphefumula ngesikhathi sokugcina. Le nqubo ikhulisa amazinga e-CO₂ ngaphakathi kwegumbi. Umoya ofanele uvikela abasebenzi nezithelo. Lezi zinhlamvu zakha indawo elawulwayo egcina izithelo zizinzile phakathi nesikhathi eside.
Izidingo Zokushisa Zamagumbi Okushisa Ezithelo
Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kwakha inhliziyo yanoma yiliphi igumbi elibandayo lezithelo. Isithelo ngasinye sisabela ngendlela ehlukile ekubandeni. Abasebenzi kumele bazi ububanzi obufanele ngaphambi kokulayisha. Ama-apula ahlala ephephile ku-0°C izinsuku ezingaphezu kuka-120. Amapheya agcina ikhwalithi izinsuku ezingu-90 ku-1°C. Amagilebhisi agcinwa kahle ku-1°C kodwa adinga umoya ohlanzekile kakhulu. Ubhanana udinga u-13°C kuya ku-14°C. Noma yiliphi izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-12°C lilimaza ukuthungwa kwebhanana. Amajikijolo afana nama-strawberry nama-blueberry adinga umoya obandayo eduze kuka-0°C ukuze ahlale eqinile.
Ishadi elilula lisiza abaqhubi ukuphatha umsebenzi wansuku zonke. Amaqembu ezithelo avamile ahlukaniswe ngezindawo ezintathu. Indawo yokuqala isukela ku-0°C kuya ku-2°C. Indawo yesibili isukela ku-3°C kuya ku-7°C. Kanti indawo yesithathu isukela ku-8°C kuya ku-13°C. Amakamelo amaningi abandayo aphatha izindawo ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ipulazi elikhulu lingasebenzisa amakamelo amathathu amaqembu ezithelo ahlukene.
Izinzwa zokushisa zihlola izimo njalo ngemizuzwana engama-30. Izinhlelo eziningi zibeka okungenani izinzwa ezine egumbini elingamamitha ayi-100. Lezi zinzwa ziqapha izikhundla eziphezulu, ezansi, zangaphambili, kanye nezangemuva. Lokhu kuhlelwa kuqinisekisa ukufundwa okuzinzile kulo lonke igumbi. Uma umthwalo ushintsha, uhlelo lulungisa isivinini se-compressor. Lokhu kulawula kugcina ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kungaphakathi kuka-1°C.
Ukupholisa okusheshayo kuvikela izithelo ngemva kokuvuna. Amapulazi amaningi apholisa izithelo kusukela ku-25°C kuya ku-5°C zingakapheli amahora amathathu. Lokhu kwehla okusheshayo kwehlisa ukuphefumula cishe ngo-60%. Inqubo inciphisa ukonakala futhi igcina ukunambitheka okunamandla. Izinga lokushisa elifanele liphinde linciphise ukwehla kwesisindo ngenxa yokuhwamuka kwamanzi.
Amaphaneli Afakwe Ukushisa Ezindawo Zokubanda Zezithelo
Amaphaneli egumbi elibandayozakha isakhiwo esiyinhloko. Zilawula ukugeleza kokushisa futhi zonge amandla. Amakamelo amaningi abandayo ezithelo asebenzisa amaphaneli e-polyurethane (PU) noma e-polyisocyanurate (PIR). Amaphaneli e-PU avame ukufinyelela ekuqhutshweni kokushisa okungu-0.022 W/m·K. Amaphaneli e-PIR asebenza kangcono kancane ku-0.020 W/m·K. Ubukhulu bephaneli obujwayelekile busukela ku-100 mm kuya ku-150 mm. Iphaneli ye-PIR engu-150 mm inciphisa ukwanda kokushisa cishe ngo-15% uma kuqhathaniswa nephaneli ye-PU engu-100 mm.
Amaphaneli axhumanisa namajoyinti e-cam-lock. Lawa majoyinti adala imithungo eqinile engenazikhala. Imithungo eqinile igcina umoya ofudumele ungaphandle nomoya obandayo ngaphakathi. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukonga amandla emini. Abasebenzi abaningi bakhetha amashidi ensimbi angu-0.5 mm ebusweni bephaneli. Amaphrojekthi amakhulu angasebenzisa amashidi angu-0.6 mm ukuze amelane nokushayisana okunamandla.
Amaphaneli nawo amelana nomswakama. I-PU core imunca amanzi angaphansi kuka-2% ngemva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuvikela ukufudumala phakathi neminyaka yokusetshenziswa. Amaphaneli amahle amelana namagciwane kanye nesikhunta. Ubuso obubushelelezi buvumela ukuhlanza okusheshayo ngamathuluzi alula.
Igumbi lokubanda lezithelo lihlanganisa namaphaneli ophahleni kanye naphansi. Iphaneli yephansi ivame ukusebenzisa indawo engasheleli. Ezinye izinhlelo zengeza insimbi eqinisiwe ngaphansi kwephansi ukuze kwenziwe ama-pallet asindayo. Igumbi elincane lingasebenzisa u-1,000 kg wesisindo sephaneli iyonke. Igumbi eliphakathi lingasebenzisa ngaphezu kuka-3,000 kg. Ukuvikela okuqinile kunciphisa umthwalo wokupholisa futhi kuvikele izithelo ezigciniwe.
Uhlelo Lokupholisa
Iyunithi yokufinyeza ihlinzeka ngomoya obandayo ovikela izithelo. Ihlanganisa i-compressor, i-condenser, ifeni, kanye nezingxenye zokulawula. Igumbi lokubanda lezithelo elingama-20 m³ lingasebenzisa i-compressor engu-1.5 HP. Igumbi elingama-100 m³ lingasebenzisa i-compressor engu-5 HP. Izinhlelo eziningi zisebenzisa i-R404A noma i-R448A. Lezi ziqandisi zinikeza ukusebenza okuzinzile.
Iyunithi ye-evaporator ihlezi ngaphakathi kwegumbi. Isabalalisa umoya obandayo ngokulinganayo. Amakamelo amakhulu angafaka ama-evaporator amabili ukuze kugeleze umoya ngokulinganayo. Amayunithi amaningi asebenzisa amafeni ahambisa umoya ngesivinini esingu-1.5 m/s. Lokhu kuvikela izithelo ezithambile emoyeni onamandla.
Le yunithi ilawula imijikelezo yokuncibilikisa. Iqhwa lakheka kuma-coil ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside. Iqhwa eliningi kakhulu linciphisa isivinini sokupholisa cishe ngo-30%. Izinhlelo eziningi ziqala ukuncibilikisa njalo emahoreni ayisithupha. Lo mjikelezo uhlala imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15. Amafeni amahle abuyisela ngokushesha ukuhamba komoya ngemva komjikelezo ngamunye.
Imigqa yokudonsa amanzi isusa amanzi ku-evaporator. Igumbi elibandayo lingakhipha amanzi amalitha ama-2 ngosuku ngezikhathi zesomiso. Izinkathi zemvula zingadala amalitha afinyelela kwayisithupha ngosuku. Ukuvikela okuhle okuzungeze i-drain kuvimbela ukubanda.
Iyunithi yokufinyeza ilungisa namandla. Amayunithi amaningi esimanje asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-inverter. Lesi sici sinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-18. Uhlelo luyehla ngesikhathi semithwalo elula futhi lusheshisa ngesikhathi semithwalo esindayo. Ukupholisa okuhlanzekile kugcina izithelo zintsha isikhathi eside.
Amakamelo okubanda ezithelo anikeza izinzuzo ezicacile emapulazini, ezimakethe, nasezikhungweni zokucubungula. Uhlelo lulawula izinga lokushisa, umswakama, kanye nokuhamba komoya ngokunemba okuphezulu. Ukuvikela okuqinile kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla futhi kuvikela izithelo ezigciniwe. Uhlelo lokupholisa lulungisa amandla ukuze luhambisane nemithwalo yansuku zonke. Iminyango, izibani, amashalofu, nama-alamu kusekela ukusebenza okuphephile. Ukuphathwa okufanele kwandisa ukusha kwezithelo cishe ngo-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nokugcinwa okuvamile. Ingxenye ngayinye idlala indima ekugcineni izithelo zizinzile phakathi nesikhathi eside. Igumbi elihle lokubanda lezithelo landisa isikhathi sokuphila eshalofini, linciphisa imfucuza, futhi likhulisa inani lomkhiqizo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-09-2025