Ungazikhetha Kanjani Izinhlaka Zensimbi Ezifanele Zesakhiwo Sakho?

Ukukhetha ozimele bensimbi abafanele kunquma ukuthi isakhiwo sizoba siqine kangakanani, siphephile futhi singabizi kangakanani. Ozimele bensimbi basekela izindawo zokugcina impahla, amafektri, amahhovisi, ngisho nezindlu namuhla. Iphrojekthi ngayinye idinga uzimele ohambisana nosayizi wayo, umsebenzi wayo, kanye nendawo yayo. Ukukhetha okubi kungakhuphula izindleko noma kunciphise ukuzinza. Nokho, umklamo omuhle uthuthukisa ukusebenza futhi wonga isikhathi ngesikhathi sokwakha.

Ukucatshangelwa Okuphelele Kwezidingo

Isakhiwo ngasinye sifeza injongo ehlukile, futhi ozimele bensimbi kumele bavumelane nalowo msebenzi. Indawo yokusebenzela yezimboni idinga imishayo eqinile kunesitolo esincane. Indlu yokugcina impahla, isibonelo, ivame ukusebenzisa ozimele ababanzi ukuze ikhulise isikhala esivulekile. Uzimele ocacile wamamitha angu-30 uvumela ukunyakaza okulula kwe-forklift ngaphandle kwamakholomu angaphakathi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, isakhiwo sehhovisi singasebenzisa ama-span amancane njengoba izingxenye zihlukanisa isikhala.

Izimo zemvelo nazo zithinta ukukhetha. Isakhiwo esisogwini sidinga insimbi engagqwali, kanti indawo eyomile yangaphakathi ingasebenzisa amazinga ajwayelekile ensimbi. Isibonelo, ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo sokucubungula ukudla kwasolwandle olwandle kudinga ukunakwa ekuphathweni kokugqwala kwesakhiwo. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi ehlanganisiwe noma ukufafaza upende wokulwa nokugqwala kungaqinisekisa impilo yenkonzo ende yesakhiwo.

Uhlaka kufanele futhi lufane nokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo esikhathini esizayo. Uma kungenzeka ukuthi kunwetshwe, ozimele bensimbi abahlanganisiwe bavumela ukunwetshwa okulula. Ukuchaza injongo kusenesikhathi kusiza ukugwema izindleko zokuklanywa kabusha futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sihlangabezana nezidingo zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo ngempumelelo.

Khetha Uhlobo Lohlaka Olufanele

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zohlaka zifeza imigomo ehlukene yokuklama. Ezintathu ezivame kakhulu uhlaka oluqinile, uhlaka lwe-truss, kanye nohlaka lwe-portal.

Uhlaka oluqinile lunikeza ukumelana okuqinile nokugoba. Lufanele izimboni nezindawo zokugcina impahla ezibhekene nomoya omkhulu noma imithwalo yeqhwa. Lokhu kubaluleke nakakhulu emazweni afana neRussia neCanada adinga ukubhekana nesimo sezulu esibandayo nesibi isikhathi eside.

Uhlaka lwe-truss lusebenzisa amayunithi angunxantathu ukuze lusabalalise imithwalo kahle. Lusebenza kahle ophahleni olukhulu njengamahholo ezemidlalo noma izikhungo zemibukiso. Uhlaka lwe-truss lungadlula amamitha angu-50 kusetshenziswa insimbi encane kune-beam eqinile, kunciphisa izindleko zezinto zokwakha ngo-15%.

Uhlaka lwesango lufanele izakhiwo zezimboni eziphakathi nendawo. Luhlanganisa izindleko eziphansi kanye nokuhlanganiswa okusheshayo. Indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo esebenzisa uhlaka lwesango lwamamitha angu-25 ingaqeda isakhiwo sayo zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-30.

Cabanga Ngezinga Lezinto Ezibalulekile Nekhwalithi Yazo

Akuzona zonke insimbi ezinamandla afanayo. Izinga lezinto ezibonakalayo lithinta umthamo womthwalo, ukuqina, kanye nezindleko. Izinga lensimbi elivamile lesakhiwo lifaka phakathi i-Q235, i-Q345, kanye ne-ASTM A36. I-Q235 ifanela izakhiwo ezilula njengezindawo zokusebenzela ezincane, kuyilapho i-Q345 isekela imithwalo esindayo njengezakhiwo ezinezitezi eziningi.

Isibonelo, i-store enezitezi ezimbiliindawo yokubonisa insimbiisebenzise insimbi ye-Q345B futhi yathola amandla aphezulu ngo-20% ngobukhulu obufanayo be-beam ne-Q235. Amandla okukhiqiza e-Q345 angaba ngu-345 MPa, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-235 MPa ye-Q235, okusho ukuthi ingathwala imithwalo esindayo ngaphambi kokugoba.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza nakho kubalulekile. Insimbi enokwakheka okungalingani noma ukushisela okubi ingaqhekeka ngaphansi kokucindezeleka. Khetha njalo izinto ezinezitifiketi zomshini kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa evela eceleni. Izembozo ezifakwe i-galvanized noma ezipendiwe zengeza ukuvikelwa ekugqwaleni, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni zangaphandle.

Hlola Umklamo Womthwalo Nokwakheka Kwesakhiwo

Okuqinileuhlaka lwensimbikumele baphathe yonke imithwalo elindelekile ngokuphephile. Onjiniyela babala imithwalo efile, imithwalo ephilayo, kanye nemithwalo yemvelo efana nomoya noma iqhwa. Umthwalo ophelele unquma usayizi womsebe, isikhala sekholomu, kanye nohlobo lokuhlangana.

Isibonelo, i-warehouse egcina imishini esindayo ingadinga izinsika njalo ngamamitha angu-8, kanti i-warehouse elula ingazifaka phakathi ngamamitha angu-12. Isakhiwo esisendaweni enomoya omkhulu singadinga izingxenye ezijiyile noma ukusekelwa okwengeziwe.

Iphutha elincane ekubalweni komthwalo lingabangela ukuguquguquka noma ukudlidliza. Indawo eyodwa yokwakha yanciphisa isikhala samakholomu kusukela kumamitha ayi-12 kuya kwayi-10 ngemva kokulingisa ibonise ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwemisebe ngaphansi komthwalo ogcwele. Lokhu kulungiswa kwathuthukisa ukuzinza ngaphandle kokwandisa izindleko eziningi.

Isofthiwe yesimanje efana ne-Tekla noma i-STAAD.Pro isiza ukulayisha imodeli ngokunembile. Ukumodela kwe-3D nakho kuthola ukungqubuzana komklamo kusenesikhathi, kunciphisa ukuphinda kusebenze endaweni. Uhlelo lokulayisha oluklanywe kahle luqinisekisa ukuthi uhlaka lwensimbi lusebenza ngokuphephile amashumi eminyaka ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo.

Gxila Ekuklanyweni Nokukhiqizwa Koxhumano

Ukuxhumanisa kuxhumanisa imishayo, amakholomu, kanye nezinsimbi ndawonye. Ukuxhumanisa okubi kungahluleka noma ngabe amalungu ayinhloko aqinile. Abaklami bakhetha phakathi kwamajoyinti aboshwe kanye nahlanganisiwe ngokusekelwe kuphrojekthi.

Ukuxhumeka okunamabholidi kuyashesha futhi kulula ukukufaka, kulungele izakhiwo ezilungisiwe. Zivumela izingxenye ukuthi zishintshwe noma zilungiswe endaweni. Isibonelo, ihholo lensimbi elilungisiwe eVietnam lasebenzisa amajoyinti anamabholidi futhi ukwakhiwa kwaqedwa ngokushesha ngo-20%.

Ukuxhumeka okushiselwe kunikeza amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okungcono kodwa kudinga abasebenzi abanamakhono. Kufanela izakhiwo ezihlala njalo ezifana namabhuloho noma izitshalo ezinkulu.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kuvimbela izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo. Imigodi engalingani kahle noma ukushintshwa okungekuhle kunciphisa umthamo womthwalo. Ukusebenzisa imishini yokusika neyokubhoboza ezenzakalelayo kuqinisekisa ukunemba. Ngemva kokwenziwa, izindawo kufanele zithole upende olulwa nokugqwala noma i-galvanization.

Cabanga Ngezindleko, Ukusebenza Kahle, Nokuzinza

Izindleko zidlala indima enkulu ekukhetheni uhlaka, kodwa ukukhetha okushibhile akuhlali kungcono kakhulu. Umklamo omuhle wonga imali kokubili ekwakheni nasekusebenzeni. Uhlaka lwensimbi olulula lunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto futhi lusheshisa ukuhlanganiswa. Isibonelo, ifektri esebenzisa imisebe ye-H elula inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi okuphelele ngo-18% ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla.

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nakho kubalulekile. Insimbi ikhombisa ukushisa futhi isekela izinhlelo ezinhle zokuvikela ukushisa, yehlisa izindleko zamandla. Insimbi ephinde yasetshenziswa iyindlela enobungani nemvelo njengoba u-90% wensimbi eyakhiwe ingaphinde isetshenziswe noma isetshenziswe kabusha.

Ukwakhiwa kusengaphambili nakho kuyasiza. Izingxenye zensimbi ezenziwe efektri zinciphisa umsebenzi wendawo futhi zifinyeze amashejuli. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo zendabuko zokwakha, umjikelezo wokwakhiwa kwesikhungo sezokuthutha esinefreyimu yensimbi esingamamitha-skwele angu-5,000 ungafinyezwa ngezinyanga ezimbili.

Uma uhlela izindleko, faka izici zesikhathi eside njengokulungiswa, ukuvuselelwa kokumboza, kanye nokonga amandla. Uhlaka lwensimbi oluhlala isikhathi eside nolusebenzayo lunikeza inani elingcono kunezinye izindlela ezingabizi kakhulu ezihluleka kusenesikhathi.

Ukuhlela Ukugcinwa Nokuqina

Umklamo omuhle ucabangela nendlela yokugcina uhlaka luqinile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa njalo kuvimbela ukugqwala nokuguguleka. Ukupenda noma ukufaka i-galvanizing ebusweni bensimbi kuvikela umswakama namakhemikhali. Ezindaweni ezisogwini noma ezinomswakama, ukupenda kabusha njalo eminyakeni emihlanu kugcina isakhiwo sisesimweni esihle.

Ukwakhiwa kwemisele yamanzi nakho kuyasiza. Uphahla kanye nemishayo kumele kuvimbele ukunqwabelana kwamanzi. Ichibi elincane lamanzi lingaqala izindawo zokugqwala zingakapheli izinyanga. Kwenye imboni, ukufaka esikhundleni semishayo eyisicaba ngemishayo ethambekile kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa ukugqwala ngo-30%.

Amabholti namajoyinti adinga ukuqina njalo, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezibhekene nokudlidliza. Ukuhlola ama-welds ukuthi awanamifantu njalo eminyakeni emibili kugwema izingozi.

Ukukhetha uhlaka lwensimbi olufanele kuhilela okungaphezu kwamandla kuphela. Abaklami kumele bacabangele injongo yokwakha, uhlobo lohlaka, izinga lezinto zokwakha, imithwalo, kanye nokugcinwa. Izibonelo zangempela zibonisa ukuthi umklamo ohlakaniphile unganciphisa izindleko, unciphise amashejuli, futhi wandise isikhathi sokuphila. Ngokukhetha nokuklama ngokucophelela, uhlaka lwensimbi alubi nje isakhiwo, kodwa luba yimpahla yesikhathi eside yanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wokwakha.