Amakamelo okupholisa adlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozweni kokudla, ekuthuthweni kwempahla, nasekukhiqizweni kwezimboni. Agcina izinga lokushisa eliphansi elizinzile ukuze kuncishiswe ukubola komkhiqizo futhi kugcinwe kusha. Izimboni eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukucubungula ukudla, imithi, kanye nokuthutha, zithembele emakamelweni okupholisa nsuku zonke. Lawa makamelo angasukela kumayunithi amancane okugcina izinto kuya ezindaweni zokugcina izinto ezinkulu ezibandayo zezimboni. Igumbi lokupholisa eliklanywe kahle lilinganisela izinga lokushisa, umswakama, kanye nokujikeleza komoya ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Okubalulekile Kumabhizinisi Anamuhla
Aigumbi lokupholisayindawo elawulwa amazinga okushisa egcina izimpahla ezibolayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Isiza ekulondolozeni ukudla, yandise isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi somkhiqizo, futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane. Izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi livame ukusuka ku-0°C kuya ku-15°C, kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla. Isibonelo, izithelo nemifino kugcina kahle ku-2–8°C, kuyilapho iziphuzo zivame ukudinga cishe u-10°C.
Amakamelo okupholisa avela ezitolo ezinkulu, emahhotela, ezimbonini zokudla, nasezikhungweni zokuthutha. Igumbi elincane lokupholisa elingamamitha-skwele angama-20 lingagcina ukudla okungafika ku-5. Amakamelo okupholisa amakhulu, njengalawo asezikhungweni zokusabalalisa, angamboza amamitha-skwele angaphezu kwe-1,000.
Umgomo oyinhloko we-igumbi lokupholisaukususa ukushisa emikhiqizweni nokugcina izimo ezihambisanayo. Ngokungafani negumbi lefriji, aliqandisi izimpahla kodwa lizigcina zintsha ukuze zisetshenziswe nsuku zonke noma zigcinwe isikhathi esifushane.
Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Zegumbi Lokupholisa
Igumbi lokupholisa liqukethe izingxenye eziningana ezibalulekile ezisebenzisana ukugcina amazinga okushisa aphansi. Ingxenye ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuzinzile kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Ingxenye yokuqala uhlelo lwamaphaneli olufakwe umswakama. Izindonga, uphahla, kanye nephansi zisebenzisa amaphaneli esandwich enziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-polyurethane (PU) noma i-polyisocyanurate (PIR). Lawa maphaneli avimbela ukudluliselwa kokushisa okuvela ngaphandle. Isibonelo, iphaneli ye-PU engu-100 mm inomoya wokushisa ongu-0.024 W/m·K kuphela, okugcina ukuguquguquka kokushisa kungaphansi kuka-1°C ngehora.
Ingxenye yesibili uhlelo lokuqandisa. Luhlanganisa i-compressor, i-condenser, kanye ne-evaporator. I-compressor ijikeleza i-refrigerant, emunca ukushisa okuvela egumbini lokupholisa bese ikukhipha ngaphandle. I-compressor enamandla angu-5 HP ingapholisa igumbi elingama-50 m³ lingakapheli ihora elilodwa.
Ingxenye yesithathu uhlelo lokujikeleza komoya kanye nokulawula. Ama-air cooler asabalalisa umoya obandayo ngokulinganayo futhi avimbele izindawo ezishisayo. Isilawuli sokushisa, izinzwa, kanye neyunithi yokubonisa kuvumela ukulungiswa okunembile. Isibonelo, isilawuli sedijithali singagcina izinga lokushisa lingama-4.0°C ±0.5°C ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ingxenye yesine iwumnyango kanye nohlelo lokuvala. Iminyango yegumbi lokupholisa igqunywe ngokushisa futhi ifakwe ama-gasket aqinile anobuthi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza komoya. Iminyango evala ngokuzenzakalelayo isiza ekunciphiseni imfucuza yamandla ngo-10%.
Okokugcina, amanye amakamelo okupholisa athuthukile afaka izinhlelo zokuqapha. Lezi zinhlelo ziqopha idatha yokushisa futhi zithumele ama-alamu ngesikhathi sokwehluleka kukagesi noma ukuphambuka kokushisa.
Ingxenye ngayinye kumele isebenze kahle ukuze kufezwe ukupholisa okuthembekile kanye nokusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside. Uma izinto zokwakha kanye nezingxenye zingcono, igumbi lokupholisa liba lizinzile futhi longa amandla.
Amaphuzu okuklama
Ukuklama igumbi elihle lokupholisa kudinga ukuqonda okucacile kwezidingo zomkhiqizo, izimo zendawo, kanye nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe.
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlela umthamo. Abaklami kumele bazi ukuthi kuzogcinwa malini nokuthi hlobo luni lomkhiqizo. Isibonelo, uma igumbi lokupholisa lidinga ukugcina amathani ayi-10 ezithelo, umthamo womklamo kufanele ube cishe ngamamitha angu-50. Isikhala esengeziwe sivumela ukugeleza komoya kanye nokulayisha okulula.
Okulandelayo ukuhlukaniswa kwezinga lokushisa. Izimpahla ezahlukene zidinga amazinga okushisa ahlukene. Ezinye izindawo zihlukanisa igumbi elilodwa elikhulu lokupholisa libe yizindawo. Isibonelo, inyama ingagcinwa ku-2°C kanye nobisi ku-5°C endaweni efanayo ngokusebenzisa ama-air cooler ahlukene.
Ubukhulu bokushisisa kumele bufane nokushisa okuqondiwe kanye nesimo sezulu. Ezindaweni ezishisayo, amaphaneli anobukhulu obungu-120 mm asebenza kangcono kunamaphaneli angu-75 mm. Imininingwane ikhombisa ukuthi ukushisisa okujiyile kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-15%.
Ukukhetha uhlelo lwesiqandisi nakho kubalulekile. Umthamo we-compressor, uhlobo lwesiqandisi, kanye nosayizi wefeni yokupholisa kumele kufane nomthwalo wokupholisa. Uhlelo oluncane kakhulu alukwazi ukufinyelela izinga lokushisa eliqondiwe, kanti olukhulu kakhulu luchitha amandla.
Ukwakheka komoya kuthinta ukusebenza kokupholisa. Ukugeleza komoya okubi kuholela emazingeni okushisa angalingani. Onjiniyela bavame ukubeka ama-evaporator eduze kophahla ukuze bavumele umoya obandayo wehle ngokulinganayo.
Okokugcina, ukuphepha nokugcinwa kubalulekile. Ukwengeza ama-pressure gauge, ama-defrost timer, kanye nama-alamu azenzakalelayo kuvimbela ukuphuka okubizayo. Ukuhlolwa kwesistimu njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kugcina ukusebenza kuzinzile.
Igumbi lokupholisa eliklanywe kahle lilinganisela izindleko, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuthembeka, liqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekayo nokuphephile.
Ungalikhiqiza Kanjani Futhi Ulifake Kanjani Igumbi Lokupholisa Elisezingeni Eliphezulu?
Ukukhiqizwa nokufakwa kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kwegumbi lokupholisa. Ukufakwa okungekuhle kungabangela ukuvuza komoya, ukupholisa okungalingani, kanye nezindleko zamandla eziphezulu.
Inqubo yokukhiqiza iqala ngokwenziwa kwephaneli okunembile. Iphaneli ngayinye kumele ifane nobukhulu bomklamo ngaphakathi kuka-±2mm. Abakhiqizi bekhwalithi ephezulu basebenzisa imigqa yokukhiqiza eqhubekayo yamaphaneli e-PU noma e-PIR. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuqina okulinganayo, ukuba yisicaba, kanye namalunga angangeni moya.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa, abasebenzi baxhuma amaphaneli ngamajoyinti olimi nomgodi bese bewavala nge-silicone ukuvimba amabhuloho okushisa. Isibonelo, ijoyinti elivalwe kahle linganciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa ngo-5–8%.
Okulandelayo kufakwa imishini yokuqandisa. I-compressor, i-condenser, kanye ne-evaporator kumele kuxhunywe ngamapayipi ethusi. Wonke amajoyinti amapayipi kumele ahlanganiswe futhi ahlolwe ukuthi ayavuza yini. Ukuhlolwa kokucindezela ku-2.5MPa kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho ukulahleka kwe-refrigerant.
Izintambo zikagesi kufanele zilandele imithetho eqinile yokuphepha. Amabhokisi okulawula kumele ahlale omile futhi afinyeleleka kalula. Izintambo kufanele zibe nemikhono yokuvikela ukuvikela ukugwema ukulimala komswakama.
Okokugcina, ukuqaliswa kwesistimu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle. Onjiniyela bahlola ukuzinza kwezinga lokushisa legumbi okungenani amahora ayi-12. Umehluko phakathi kwezinga lokushisa elibekiwe nelangempela akufanele udlule ku-1°C.
Ukukhiqizwa nokufakwa okufanele kwenza igumbi lokupholisa lisebenze kahle, lithembeke, futhi lihlale isikhathi eside. Imininingwane ngayinye enkambisweni inegalelo ekongeni amandla kanye nokuphepha komkhiqizo.
Izicelo Zamagumbi Okupholisa
Isidingo semakethe samakamelo okupholisa singaphezu kwalokho abantu abakuqaphelayo. Ngaphezu kwezindawo zokudlela, izimakethe ezithengisa ngobuningi, izinkampani zokucubungula ukudla kanye nezindawo zokuthutha, amapulazi, izitshalo zamakhemikhali, ngisho nezinkampani ezihlobene nemithi zonke zidinga amakamelo okupholisa.
Abakhiqizi bezolimo basebenzisa amakamelo okupholisa ukugcina izitshalo ezivuniwe ngaphambi kokulethwa emakethe. Lokhu kusiza abalimi ukugwema ukwehla kwentengo okubangelwa ukusatshalaliswa ngokweqile okungazelelwe. Njengasepulazini labo bonke abalimi be-kiwi e-Australia, kunezindawo zokupholisa ezithuthukisiwe. Amakamelo okupholisa aqinisekisa ukuthi izithelo ezivuniwe zihlala zintsha.
Imboni yezemithi incike nasezindlini zokupholisa. Imithi eminingi yokugoma neyokwelapha idinga indawo yokugcina ephakathi kuka-2°C no-8°C. Indawo yokupholisa ezinzile iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuhambisana nezindinganiso zezempilo.
Igumbi lokupholisa lingaphezu nje kwendawo ebandayo—liyindawo elawulwayo egcina ikhwalithi, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kahle. Umklamo ocophelelayo, ukukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi, kanye nokufakwa okufanele kuqinisekisa izinga lokushisa elizinzile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusesitoreji sokudla, kwemithi, noma kwezokuthuthwa kwempahla, amakamelo okupholisa avikela imikhiqizo ebalulekile futhi anciphise imfucuza.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-05-2025