Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imikhiqizo ye-polyurethane iye yathandwa kakhulu, njengamaphaneli okugcina izinto ezibandayo akhiqizwa yiHarbin Dong'an Building Sheets eShayina, enziwe ngezinto ze-polyurethane.
Ngokuvamile, i-polyurethane ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-thermosetting kanye ne-thermoplastic, futhi ingenziwa ibe yi-polyurethane plastics (ikakhulukazi i-foam plastics), i-polyurethane fibers (spandex), kanye ne-polyurethane elastomers. Izinto eziningi ze-polyurethane zibizwa ngokuthi i-thermosetting, njenge-soft, hard kanye ne-semi-rigid polyurethane foams.
Ukuphinda usebenzise i-polyurethane kuvame ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuphinda usebenzise ezingokoqobo, njengoba le ndlela isebenza kahle futhi iyonga. Ngokukhethekile, ingahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezintathu zokuphinda usebenzise:
Le ndlela iyindlela yobuchwepheshe yokuvuselela esetshenziswa kakhulu. I-polyurethane foam ethambile ichotshozwa ibe yizicucu eziningana zamasentimitha yi-grinder, bese kuthi i-reactive polyurethane adhesive ifuthwe ku-mixer. I-adhesive esetshenziswayo ngokuvamile i-polyurethane foam combination noma i-NCO terminated prepolymer esekelwe ku-polyphenyl polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI). Uma usebenzisa ama-adhesive asekelwe ku-PAPI ukuze kuhlanganiswe futhi kufakwe i-molding, ukuxubana ngomusi nakho kungafakwa. Enqubweni ye-bonding waste polyurethane, engeza i-90% waste polyurethane kanye ne-10% adhesive, hlanganisa ngokulinganayo, noma engeza amadayi athile, bese ucindezela ingxube.
Ubuchwepheshe bokwakha izibopho abugcini nje ngokuba nokuguquguquka okukhulu, kodwa futhi bunokuguquguquka okukhulu ezimpahleni zemishini zomkhiqizo wokugcina. Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvuselela imikhiqizo ye-polyurethane ukukhiqiza i-polyurethane foam ephinde yasetshenziswa ngokubopha imfucuza ye-foam njengezinsalela ze-foam ethambile, esetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-carpet backing, i-sports mat, izinto zokuvala umsindo neminye imikhiqizo. Izinhlayiya ze-foam ethambile kanye nezinamathiselo zingabunjwa zibe imikhiqizo efana nama-car bottom pads ekushiseni okuthile kanye nokucindezela; Ngokusebenzisa ukucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokushisa, izingxenye eziqinile ezifana ne-pump housing zingabunjwa.
I-Rigid polyurethane foam kanye ne-reaction injection molding (RIM) polyurethane elastomer nayo ingaphinde isetshenziswe ngendlela efanayo. Ukuxuba izinhlayiya zemfucuza nama-isocyanate prepolymers ukuze kwenziwe ukucindezela okushisayo, njengokukhiqiza amabhakede amapayipi ezinhlelo zokushisa zamapayipi. | 2、Ukucindezela okushisayo kokubumba I-thermosetting polyurethane soft foam kanye nemikhiqizo ye-RIM polyurethane inezakhiwo ezithile zokuthambisa ukushisa kanye ne-plasticity ebangeni lokushisa elingu-100-200 ℃. Ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi, i-polyurethane elahliwe ingaxhunyaniswa ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izinamathiseli. Ukuze kwenziwe imikhiqizo ephinde yasetshenziswa ifane, kuvame ukudingeka ukuchoboza imfucuza bese uyifudumeza bese uyicindezela ibe sesimweni esihle.
Izimo zokwakheka zincike ohlotsheni lwemfucuza ye-polyurethane kanye nomkhiqizo ophinde wasetshenziswa. Isibonelo, imfucuza ye-polyurethane soft foam ingacindezelwa ngokushisa imizuzu eminingana ngokucindezela okungu-1-30MPa kanye nobubanzi bokushisa obungu-100-220 ° C ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-shock absorbers, ama-mudguard, nezinye izingxenye.
Le ndlela isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwezingxenye zezimoto ze-polyurethane zohlobo lwe-RIM. Isibonelo, amaphaneli eminyango yemoto namaphaneli ezinsimbi angakhiqizwa nge-powder ye-polyurethane ye-RIM engaba ngu-6% kanye ne-fiberglass engu-15%. | 3、Kusetshenziswa njengokugcwalisa I-polyurethane soft foam ingaguqulwa ibe yizinhlayiya ezincane ngenqubo yokuchoboza noma yokugaya esezingeni eliphansi, futhi ukuhlakazeka kwezinhlayiya ezinjalo kwengezwa kuma-polyols ukuze kukhiqizwe i-polyurethane foam noma eminye imikhiqizo, okungagcini nje ngokubuyisa izinto ezilahliwe ze-polyurethane, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zomkhiqizo. Okuqukethwe kwempuphu ephukile ku-MDI based cold cured polyurethane foam eguquguqukayo eqinisiwe kunqunyelwe ku-15%, kanti u-25% wempuphu ephukile ungangezwa ku-TDI based hot cured foam okungenani.
Enye inqubo ukufaka imfucuza ye-foam eqoshiwe esanda kugaywa ku-polyol ethambile ye-polyether ye-foam, bese uyigaya emanzini emshinini ofanele ukuze kwakhiwe ingxube "ye-polyol ephinde yasetshenziswa" equkethe izinhlayiya ezincane zokwenza i-foam ethambile.
I-Rim polyurethane engasasebenzi ingachotshozwa ibe yimpuphu, ixutshwe nezinto zokusetshenziswa, bese ikhiqizwa ibe yi-RIM elastomers. Ngemva kokuba i-waste polyurethane rigid foam kanye ne-polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam waste isichotshoziwe, ingasetshenziswa futhi ukwengeza izinto eziphinde zasetshenziswa ezingu-5% kule nhlanganisela ukuze kukhiqizwe i-rigid foam. |
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwavela indlela entsha yokutakula amakhemikhali
Ithimba lase-University of Illinois eliholwa nguSolwazi uSteven Zimmerman lisungule indlela yokubola imfucuza ye-polyurethane nokuyiguqula ibe eminye imikhiqizo ewusizo.
Umfundi ophothule izifundo zakhe u-Ephraim Morado unethemba lokusebenzisa kabusha ama-polymer ngezindlela zamakhemikhali ukuxazulula inkinga yemfucuza ye-polyurethane. Kodwa-ke, i-polyurethane inokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu futhi yenziwe ngezinto ezimbili okunzima ukuzibolisa: ama-isocyanates nama-polyol.
Ama-polyol ayisihluthulelo senkinga, njengoba ekhishwa ku-petroleum futhi awonakaliswa kalula. Ukuze kugwenywe lobu bunzima, ithimba locwaningo lamukele iyunithi yamakhemikhali ebola kalula futhi encibilika emanzini i-acetal. Imikhiqizo yokubola eyakhiwe ngokuncibilikisa ama-polymer nge-trichloroacetic acid kanye ne-dichloromethane ekushiseni kwegumbi ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izinto ezintsha. Njengobufakazi bomqondo, iMorado ingaguqula ama-elastomer asetshenziswa kabanzi ekupakisheni nasezintweni zezimoto abe yizinamathiseli.
Kodwa-ke, inkinga enkulu yale ndlela entsha yokuvuselela kabusha yizindleko kanye nobuthi bezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziselwa ukusabela. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi okwamanje bazama ukuthola indlela engcono neshibhile yokufeza inqubo efanayo ngokusebenzisa izinyibilikisi ezithambile ezifana noviniga ukuze ziwohloke.
Esikhathini esizayo, isakhiwo saseHarbin Dong'anishidis inkampanisizolandela eduze izinto ezintsha zale mboni futhi siqhubeke nokutshala imali kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuvikela imvelo, siqhubeke nokuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha ukuze senze amaphaneli e-polyurethane e-Dong'an abe nobungane nemvelo futhi abe nempilo. Sikholelwa futhi ukuthi kuzoba nobuchwepheshe obusha bokuvikela imvelo obuzalwe esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-09-2023