Igumbi Elibandayo Eliqandisiwe Ngokushesha: Ubuchwepheshe Bokulondolozwa Kokudla Okusheshayo Nokusebenza Kahle

Ukucubungula ukudla kwanamuhla kudinga isivinini, ubusha, kanye nokuqandisa ngokusheshaigumbi elibandayoIhlangabezana nalezi zidingo ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo zokuqandisa ezithuthukisiwe. Iqandisa imikhiqizo ngokushesha ukuze kulondolozwe ukunambitheka, ukuthungwa, kanye nokudla okunempilo.

Ngokungafani namakamelo avamile okubanda, agcina imikhiqizo kuphela emazingeni okushisa aphansi, amakamelo abandayo aqandisiwe aqeda inqubo yokuqandisa ngemizuzu embalwa. Lobu buchwepheshe budlala indima ebalulekile embonini yenyama, ukudla kwasolwandle, izithelo, kanye nemifino.

Umehluko Phakathi Kwamagumbi Abandayo Asheshayo Nawabandayo Avamile

Igumbi elibandayo elivamile ligxila ekugcinweni endaweni yokuqandisa. Izinga lokushisa lalo livame ukusuka ku--5°C kuya ku--18°C. Imikhiqizo engaphakathi ihlala izinzile kodwa ayiqandi ngokushesha. Ngokuphambene nalokho, igumbi elibandayo eliqandisiwe ngokushesha lisebenza ku--30°C kuya ku--45°C noma ngaphansi. Lisusa ukushisa ngokushesha enkabeni yomkhiqizo ngesikhathi esifushane.

Ijubane liphawula umehluko omkhulu. Amakamelo abandayo avamile angadinga amahora amaningana ukuze aqandiswe ukudla, kuyilapho amakamelo abandayo aqandisiwe aqeda ngaphansi kwamahora amabili. Izinga lokuqandisa elisheshayo livimbela ukwakheka kwamakristalu amakhulu eqhwa. Amakristalu amancane avikela isakhiwo samaseli, agcina ukunambitheka kokuqala kanye nezakhamzimba kuphelele ngemva kokuncibilika.

Ukwakheka komoya obandayo nakho kuyahluka. Amakamelo abandayo aqandisiwe asebenzisa amafeni anamandla e-axial noma e-centrifugal. Lawa mafeni ajikeleza umoya ngesivinini esiphezulu, ngokuvamile angaphezu kwama-4 m/s. Amakamelo abandayo avamile athembele ekugelezeni komoya okuthambile okungaphansi kwama-1 m/s, afanelekela kuphela ukugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa.

Izinhlelo zokuqandisa nazo zibonisa ukwehluka okucacile. Amakamelo abandayo aqandisiwe ngokushesha asebenzisa ama-compressor anomthamo ophezulu, ama-plate freezer, noma izinhlelo ezijikelezayo. Agcina amazinga okushisa aphansi azinzile naphezu kokushintsha komthwalo osindayo. Amakamelo abandayo avamile asebenzisa ama-compressor amancane aklanyelwe ukugcina isikhathi eside nokuqina.

Izinto zokuvikela ukushisa emakamelweni abandayo aqandisiwe ngokushesha zisebenza kangcono. Amaphaneli odonga avame ukuba nezendlalelo ze-polyurethane ezijiyile, cishe ezingu-150–200 mm, ngisho no-250 mm. Amakamelo abandayo avamile angasebenzisa amaphaneli angu-100 mm. Ukuvikela okuqinile kunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla futhi kugcina amazinga okushisa angaphakathi ezinzile.

Ukulayisha umkhiqizo nakho kuyahluka. Amakamelo abandayo aqandisiwe asheshayo aphatha izinto ezibekwe emathileyi noma kuma-rack ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya uyageleza ngokulinganayo. Amakamelo abandayo avamile agcina amaphakheji amaningi isikhathi eside. Umklamo ngamunye usekela imigomo ehlukene: ukuqandisa okusheshayo uma kuqhathaniswa nokugcinwa isikhathi eside.

Izinzuzo

Amakamelo abandayo aqandisiwe asheshayo anikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezibalulekile kubacubunguli bokudla nabasabalalisi.

Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukuqandisa okusheshayo kuvala umswakama ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sokudla. Ngemva kokuncibilika, inyama, inhlanzi, noma izithelo zigcina ukunambitheka kokuqala, umbala, kanye nokuthungwa. Ekuqandiseni kancane kancane, amakristalu amakhulu eqhwa alimaza ulwelwesi lwamaseli futhi abangele ukulahlekelwa amanzi. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi izinhlanzi eziqandisiwe ngokushesha zigcina u-95% womswakama wazo wokuqala, kanti izinhlanzi eziqandisiwe kancane zigcina u-80% kuphela.

Inani lokudla okunomsoco nalo lihlala liphezulu. Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo kumisa umsebenzi wama-enzyme kanye nokukhula kwamagciwane ngokushesha. Amavithamini namaprotheni ahlala eqinile isikhathi eside. Le nzuzo iqinisekisa ukwamukelwa okungcono emakethe kanye namanani aphezulu emikhiqizo.

Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kunikeza enye inzuzo. Nakuba ukuqandisa okusheshayo kudla amandla aphezulu ngokushesha, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele ngethani ngalinye lomkhiqizo kuvame ukwehla. Imijikelezo esheshayo ifinyeza isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-compressor. Ukufakwa kokushisa okusebenzayo kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa futhi konga ugesi.

Ukuguquguquka kwesitoreji nakho kuyanda. Uma ukudla sekufinyelele izinga lokushisa eliqandisiwe elifunekayo, kungadlulela endaweni yokugcina ebandayo evamile ukuze kulondolozwe isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kokuqandisisa okusheshayo nokugcina kunciphisa izidingo zesikhala esiphelele futhi kuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwezinto.

Amakamelo abandayo aqandisiwe asheshayo nawo asekela ukuphepha kanye nenhlanzeko. Inqubo esheshayo yehlisa ingozi yokukhula kwamagciwane. Ukuqapha izinga lokushisa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nezinhlelo ze-alamu kugcina izimo zizinzile. Amamodeli amaningi afaka ingaphakathi lensimbi engagqwali kanye namajoyinti ephaneli abushelelezi ukuvimbela ukungcola.

Izinzuzo zebhizinisi zibonakala ngokucacile. Izinkampani zingayiqandisa imikhiqizo yesizini ngokushesha bese ziyithengisa unyaka wonke. Lokhu kuguquguquka kuthuthukisa ibhalansi yokuphakelwa kanye nokuzinza kwemali engenayo. Isibonelo, abacubunguli bezithelo bangagcina isivuno esisha ngokushesha bese besithumela kamuva ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yikhwalithi.

Ngokombono wezimboni, amakamelo abandayo aqandisiwe ngokushesha andisa umkhiqizo. Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kanye nemishini yokuthutha ezenzakalelayo kuvumela ukubanda okukhulu. Ezitshalweni zokudla kwasolwandle, umkhiqizo ungafinyelela amathani amaningana ngehora. Umkhiqizo ophezulu usiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe futhi usekela imithetho eqinile yokuphepha kokudla.

Amaphuzu Ayinhloko Okukhiqiza

Ukwakha igumbi elibandayo eliqandisiwe ngokushesha kudinga ukunakwa okuqinile ezintweni zokwakha, ukwakheka, kanye nokusebenza. Imininingwane ngayinye ithinta isivinini sokuqandisiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Okokuqala, izinto zokuvikela kumele zibe nobukhulu obuphezulu kanye nokushisa okuphansi. I-polyurethane foam enobukhulu obungu-40–45 kg/m³ inikeza imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Ubukhulu bodonga buvame ukufika ku-150–250 mm ukuze bumelane nokubanda kakhulu. Ama-joints phakathi kwamaphaneli kufanele avalwe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza komoya. Ngisho nezikhala ezincane zingachitha amandla futhi zikhuphule ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa.

Okwesibili, ukwakheka kwesistimu yokuqandisa kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ama-compressor adinga amandla anele okugcina amazinga okushisa aphansi ngisho noma elayishwe ngokugcwele. Izinhlelo eziningi zisebenzisa amayunithi okucindezela anezigaba ezimbili noma ahambisanayo. Indawo yomhwamuko kumele ibe nkulu ukuze ikwazi ukusingatha ukushintshana kokushisa okusheshayo. Amapayipi ethusi kanye namaphiko e-aluminium kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle.

Ukuhleleka kokuhamba komoya kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela. Ukuhlelwa kufanele kuqinisekise ukupholisa okufanayo kuwo wonke umkhiqizo. Amafeni kumele alethe ukuhamba komoya okusheshayo phakathi kwamashalofu noma amathreyi. Onjiniyela bavame ukuklama iziteshi zokuhamba komoya ezinciphisa izindawo ezifile. Ezinye izinhlelo zifaka ama-louver alungisekayo ukulawula isiqondiso somoya.

Ukunemba kokulawula izinga lokushisa kuchaza ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Izinzwa nabalawuli bedijithali kumele baphendule ngokushesha ezinguqukweni. Umehluko ngisho no-1°C ungathinta ukwakheka kwekristalu yeqhwa. Amakamelo abandayo anamuhla aqandisiwe ngokushesha avame ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zokulawula ezisekelwe ku-PLC ezinokuqoshwa kwedatha. Lezi zinhlelo zisiza ukulandelela ibhetshi ngayinye futhi zihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokuqinisekisa ukuthumela kwamanye amazwe.

Izinhlelo zokuncibilikisa nazo zidinga ukunakwa. Ukwakheka kweqhwa emaphinini e-evaporator kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle. Izinhlelo zokuncibilikisa igesi eshisayo ngokuzenzakalelayo noma zokuncibilikisa zikagesi zisebenza kuma-timer ukuze zisuse iqhwa njalo. Ukuncibilikisa kahle kugcina ukuhamba komoya futhi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile.

Umklamo wephansi kumele uphathe kokubili imithwalo esindayo kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi. Izitezi zekhonkrithi zidinga izendlalelo zokuvikela kanye nezintambo zokushisa ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugcwala kweqhwa. Indawo engaphezulu kufanele imelane nokushelela futhi ihlale kulula ukuyihlanza.

Impendulo Yamaphrojekthi

I-Harbin Dong`an Building Sheets Co., Ltdingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili wemikhiqizo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo. Le nkampani inolwazi olucebile lokuklama nokukhiqiza.

I-Dong`an yake yaklama igumbi elibandayo eliqandisiwe ngokushesha elingamamitha-cubic angu-2,500. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa ama-compressor e-ammonia nama-plate freezer. Luqandisa i-cod, i-herring kanye ne-king crab kusuka ku-0°C kuya ku-–35°C kungakapheli imizuzu engama-90. Umthamo wokukhiqiza ufinyelele kumathani ayi-10 ngomjikelezo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo oludala, isikhathi sokuqandisa sifinyezwe ngo-60%, kanti izindleko zamandla zehle ngo-18%.

Inkampani iDongan yakha futhi indawo yokugcina ebandayo eqandisa ngokushesha yezinkampani eziningi zezolimo zaseShayina noma izinkampani ze-cold chain. Isibonelo, kuphrojekthi yokugcina i-cold chain eHeilongjiang, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zama-peas aqandisiwe nommbila, iDongan Company yaklama isisombululo se-modular esiqandisa ngokushesha. Igumbi ligcina u--40°C nomoya ogeleza ngama-5 m/s. Iqoqo ngalinye lamathani ama-3 liyaqandisa kungakapheli imizuzu engama-80. Umbala womkhiqizo kanye nokunambitheka kwahlala kuzinzile ngisho nangemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokugcina. Ukuhlolwa kubonise ukulahleka kwe-vitamin C ngaphansi kwama-5%, kanti ukuqandisa okuvamile kubangele ukulahleka okungu-15%.

Amakamelo okubanda aqandisiwe ngokushesha aguqula indlela izimboni ezigcina futhi zisabalalisa ngayo ukudla. Izinzuzo zawo zifaka phakathi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo engcono, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe. Njengoba isidingo sokudla sikhula, amakamelo okubanda aqandisiwe ngokushesha azohlala ebalulekile ezinhlelweni zomhlaba wonke zochungechunge lwezingodo.