Igumbi lokubanda lembewu uhlobo lokugcina imbewu ebandayo olungavamile ngobuningi kodwa olubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwezolimo. Imbewu idinga indawo yokugcina ezinzile ukuze igcine amazinga okuhluma aqinile. Abalimi kanye nezinkampani zembewu basebenzisa amagumbi okubandayo embewu ukuvikela impilo yembewu. Igumbi lokubanda elincane lamathani angu-2-5 embewu livame ukusebenzisa isikhala esingu-12-20 m². Amayunithi amakhulu amathani angu-20-30 adinga cishe ama-80-120 m².
Imbewu ilahlekelwa amandla ngokushesha uma ibhekene nokushisa okungaphezu kuka-28°C. Umswakama ongaphezu kuka-65% nawo ulimaza izinhlobo eziningi zembewu. Igumbi elibandayo lembewu lilawula zombili lezi zici. Amakamelo amaningi agcina izinga lokushisa ku-5–15°C futhi agcina umswakama useduze no-40–55%. Lawa mazinga asekela impilo yokugcina isikhathi eside. Izinguquko zokushisa zihlala zingaphakathi kuka-±1°C. Izinguquko zomswakama zihlala zingaphakathi kuka-±5%. Imbewuigumbi elibandayoinikeza umoya ohlanzekile, umswakama ophansi, kanye nokupholisa okuzinzile. Izingxenye ezilandelayo zixoxa ngezici, umehluko, amaphuzu okuklama, kanye namaphuzu okukhiqiza.
Izici
Imbewuigumbi elibandayoIgxila ekupholiseni okuzinzile kanye nomswakama. Imbewu ilahlekelwa yikhwalithi ngokushesha lapho kuphakama ukushisa. Imbewu eziningi zigcina ukuhluma okuhle izinyanga ezingu-8-18 uma zihlala emakamelweni alawulwayo. Igumbi elibandayo lisebenza ku-5-15°C. Ukugeleza komoya kuhlala kuzinzile ku-0.3-0.5 m/s. Lokhu kugeleza komoya kugcina izinga lokushisa ngisho nakumashalofu.
Ukulawulwa komswakama kudlala indima ebalulekile. Imbewu eziningi zidinga umswakama ongu-40-55% ukuze zigcinwe ngokuphephile. Igumbi elibandayo lisebenzisa ama-dehumidifier anamazinga wamandla angu-1-2 kW. Lawa mayunithi adonsa amalitha angu-4-8 omswakama ngehora. Igumbi lisebenzisa namaphaneli e-PU noma e-PIR afakwe i-insulation. Lawa maphaneli anamazinga obukhulu obungu-75-100 mm. Iphaneli ye-PIR engu-100 mm inikeza ukuhanjiswa kwe-0.022 W/m·K. Leli zinga linciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokupholisa ngo-30-35%.
Ukukhanya ngaphakathi kuhlala kuthambile. Izibani ze-LED zisebenzisa ama-5–12 W ngeyunithi ngayinye. Igumbi elibandayo liphinde libe namashalofu ahlanzekile anamazinga omthwalo angu-120–200 kg ngesendlalelo ngasinye. Iningi lembewu lidinga ukuhamba komoya okuhamba kancane ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside. Igumbi lifaka amafeni anomthamo we-1,000–2,500 m³/h. Uhlelo lulawula ukuhamba komoya ngaphandle kokushukumisa imbewu.
Igumbi elibandayo ligcina nomoya uhlanzekile. Amakamelo amaningi asebenzisa izihlungi zezinga le-G4–F7. Lezi zihlungi zibamba uthuli futhi zigcina indawo yokugcina iphephile. Ukuvikela okuhle, umoya ohlanzekile, nesimo sezulu esizinzile kudala izici eziyinhloko zegumbi elibandayo lembewu.
Igumbi elibandayo elikhethekile
Amakamelo okubanda embewu ahlukile emagumbini okubanda ezithelo, inyama, kanye nezimbali. Umkhiqizo ngamunye udinga amazinga okushisa ahlukene kanye nomswakama. Igumbi lokubanda lezithelo livame ukusebenza ku-1–10°C kanye nomswakama ongu-80–95%. Lomswakama ophezulu ugcina izithelo zintsha. Amagumbi okubanda ezimbali asebenzisa umswakama ongu-2–8°C kanye nomswakama ongu-85–95%.
Imbewu idinga umswakama ophansi kunalezi zindawo ezibandayo. Imbewu imunca umswakama ngokushesha. Umswakama ophezulu ongaphezu kuka-60% unganciphisa ukuhluma ngo-15-30% ezinyangeni ezimbili. Imbewu idinga nokugeleza komoya okuhamba kancane ngoba umoya onamandla uyomisa ngokushesha kakhulu. Amanye amagumbi abandayo avame ukusebenzisa ukugeleza komoya okungu-1-2 m/s. Amagumbi embewu asebenzisa kuphela u-0.3-0.5 m/s.
Imbewu idinga nokuqina okuqinile kwezinga lokushisa. Amanye amakamelo amaningi abandayo amukela izinguquko ze-±2–3°C. Indawo yokugcina imbewu ivame ukudinga ukulawulwa kwe-±1°C. Ukwethuka kwezinga lokushisa kwenza impilo yembewu ibe buthaka. Amaqembu okuhlola abonisa ukwehla kokuhluma ngo-8–15% lapho ukujiya kudlula i-3°C.
Amanye amakamelo okubandayo agcina izimpahla ezisindayo. Amakamelo okubandayo embewu agcina izimpahla ezilula. Igumbi lembewu lisebenzisa isisindo samashalofu esingu-120-200 kg ngesendlalelo ngasinye. Igumbi lokubandayo lenyama lisebenzisa ama-pallet racks angu-800-1200 kg ngesendlalelo ngasinye. Ukugcina imbewu kugwema futhi phansi okumanzi. Amakamelo amaningi embewu asebenzisa amapulatifomu aphakanyisiwe ami ngamasentimitha angu-5-10 ngaphezu kwesendlalelo.
Amaphuzu Okuklama
Umklamo omuhle ugcina imbewu iphephile isikhathi eside. Abaklami bakhetha kuqala usayizi wegumbi. Igumbi elingamamitha ayi-10-15 ligcina amathani angu-2-5. Igumbi elingamamitha ayi-100 ligcina amathani angu-20-30. Abaklami babeka nobubanzi bomnyango kumamitha angu-0.9-1.2 ukuze kuhambe kahle.
Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kudinga ukuhlela okuqinile. Igumbi lisebenzisa ama-compressor anomthamo ongu-1.5–5 kW. Uhlelo lugcina izinga lokushisa liphakathi kuka-5–15°C. Izinzwa zifunda amanani njalo ngemizuzwana engu-30–60. Iphaneli yokulawula ilungisa ukupholisa ngezinyathelo ezincane. Igumbi lidinga futhi inzwa eyodwa yomswakama kuyo yonke imitha engama-20–25.
Ukufakwa kokushisa kudlala indima enkulu. Amakamelo amaningi asebenzisa amaphaneli angu-75-100 mm PU noma PIR. Lawa maphaneli anciphisa ukwanda kokushisa ngo-35-45%. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Iminyango ifaka nezintambo ze-heater ezingama-15-25 W/m ukuze kumiswe ukuminyana.
Uhlelo lwegumbi luhlanganisa imigqa yokuhamba komoya. Ukuhlelwa okuhle kugcina ukuhamba komoya ku-0.3–0.5 m/s. Izikhala zomoya zihlala cishe ku-2–4% wendawo yegumbi. Amafeni asunduza u-1,000–2,500 m³/h. Ukuhlelwa kugwema amakhona afile. Lokhu kusiza imbewu ukuthi ihlale ekushiseni okulinganayo.
Ukukhanya nakho kuthonya ikhwalithi. Izibani ze-LED zakha i-50–100 lux. Amazinga kagesi ahlala ephansi. Ama-sensor acima izibani lapho igumbi livala. Igumbi lidinga umugqa omncane wokukhipha amanzi one-slope engu-2–3%. Abaklami babeka amashalofu ku-40–60 cm ukusuka odongeni. Lesi sikhala sithuthukisa ukuhamba komoya.
Umklamo omuhle unikeza isimo sezulu esizinzile, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwembewu.
Izindawo Zokukhiqiza Nokwakha
Amaphaneli akhiwe ngaphambilini kumele afinyelele ukunemba okuphezulu. Ukubekezelelana okuqinile kuvimbela ukungena komoya nomswakama. Abakhiqizi basebenzisa ukufakelwa kwe-polyurethane foam okujovwe nge-injection. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ubuningi obuhambisanayo kulo lonke iphaneli. Amajoyinti ephaneli asebenzisa izindlela zokukhiya ezihlukile. Lezi zivalo kumele zihlale zingangeni moya ngaphansi kokucindezeleka.
Izingxenye zesiqandisi zidinga ukuhlanganiswa ngokucophelela. Ochwepheshe kumele basebenzise amafutha akhethekile kanye nama-refrigerant. Lokhu kumele kusebenze ngokwethembeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Ukufakwa kwamapayipi ngendlela efanele kuyimpoqo ngokuphelele. Noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwemithetho kubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kanye nengozi yokuminyana kwamanzi.
Izinqubo zokufaka ziqinile. Abasebenzi kumele bavale yonke indawo yokungena ngokucophelela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amapayipi, imigudu kagesi, kanye nohlaka lweminyango. Abakhi basebenzisa izivalo ezikhethekile zokuvala ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa. Isisekelo kumele sifakwe umswakama ngaphansi. Lokhu kuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-permafrost ngaphansi kwegumbi. I-permafrost ingagubha phansi futhi yonakalise isakhiwo.
Ukufaka isicelo kuhilela ukuhlolwa okubanzi. Ochwepheshe balinganisa ukufana kwezinga lokushisa kulo lonke igumbi. Baqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-dehumidifier ngokucophelela. Uhlelo kumele lufinyelele i-RH eqondiwe ngokushesha. Ukufakwa kwedatha kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile ngezinsuku. Kuphela ngemva kokuhlolwa okuphumelelayo lapho igumbi lithola khona imbewu. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kuqinisekisa ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwendawo yokugcina.
Igumbi elibandayo lembewu livikela ikhwalithi yembewu ngokushisa okuzinzile kanye nomswakama ophansi. Uhlelo lusekela isikhathi eside sokugcina futhi lugcina ukuhluma kuqinile. Umehluko ocacile uhlukanisa amakamelo embewu nezindlu zezithelo, inyama, nezimbali. Ukugeleza komoya okuzinzile, ukudlidliza okuphansi, kanye nokulawula izinga lokushisa okuqinile kugcina i-biology yembewu iphephile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-03-2025