Umklamo Wesakhiwo Sensimbi

Njengoba kunezakhiwo eziningi zensimbi,isakhiwo sensimbiukwakheka sekuyinto evamile futhi ebalulekile.Isakhiwo sensimbiUmklamo udinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela. Abaklami kufanele bakhethe uhlobo lwensimbi olufanele, uhlelo olufanele lwesakhiwo, kanye nokuxhumana okuqinile. Ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba kubalulekile ezindaweni eziningi. Ukuvimbela ukugqwala nakho kubalulekile ezindaweni zangaphandle.

Yonke imininingwane ithonya ukuphepha. Ukukhetha okungalungile kubangela izindleko eziphezulu noma ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo. Idatha isiza ekuqondiseni umklamo. Onjiniyela bahlola amandla ezinto zokwakha, usayizi wesigaba, amandla okuxhuma, kanye nokumelana nomthwalo. Umklamo omuhle wesakhiwo sensimbi uthuthukisa impilo yephrojekthi kanye nokuqina.

Imodeli Yensimbi

Amamodeli ensimbi achaza ukuma kanye nezinga lamandla. Abaklami bakhetha insimbi ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomthwalo. Amamodeli avamile afaka phakathi i-H-beam, i-I-beam, i-channel steel, kanye ne-square tube. Ama-H-beam athwala imithwalo eqondile kahle. Izindawo eziningi zokugcina impahla zisebenzisa i-H-beams kumakholomu. Amapayipi ayisikwele afanela izakhiwo ezincane ngoba abukeka ehlanzekile. Amapayipi anikeza ukumelana okunamandla kokugoba. Ngakho-ke, amakholomu amapayipi asekela imithwalo yomoya.

Ibanga lensimbi lithinta amandla. I-Q235 inikeza amandla aphakathi nendawo kanye nokuqina okuqinile. Ifanela izakhiwo ezilula. I-Q355 inikeza amandla aphezulu. Isekela ama-span amakhulu nezakhiwo ezinde. Insimbi engagqwali imelana nokugqwala. Ifanela izimboni zokudla noma izindawo ezisogwini.

Onjiniyela bahlola amandla okukhiqiza. I-Q235 inamandla okukhiqiza angaba ngu-235MPa. I-Q355 inikeza cishe i-355MPa. Amandla aphezulu avumela izingxenye ezincane. Lokho kunciphisa isisindo sensimbi. Ukunciphisa isisindo kunciphisa nezindleko zephrojekthi. Isibonelo, ikholomu enensimbi ye-Q355 ingadinga ingxenye engu-300mm × 300mm. Insimbi ye-Q235 ingadinga ingxenye engu-350mm × 350mm ngomthwalo ofanayo. Abaklami babala ukusebenza kahle ngamathuluzi esofthiwe. Amanani okugoba nokucindezela kumele ahlangabezane nemithetho yekhodi.

Izinga lokushisa lithinta nokwakheka kwesakhiwo sensimbi. Izindawo ezibandayo zidinga insimbi enokuqina okuphezulu. Izindawo ezishisayo zidinga insimbi enokumelana nokukhathala okunamandla. Izici zokuphepha ziqondisa ukukhetha kokugcina. Abaklami baphinde bacabangele ukutholakala kanye nentengo. Ukukhetha insimbi okungalungile kwandisa izindleko noma kunciphisa ukuphepha. Ukukhetha okuhle kusekela ukuziphatha kwesakhiwo okuzinzile.

Uhlelo Lwesakhiwo

Ukukhethwa kwesistimu yesakhiwo kuthinta ukuzinza. Izinhlelo ezahlukene zifanela izakhiwo ezahlukene. Izakhiwo zohlaka oluqinile zisekela ububanzi obude. Amafektri avame ukusebenzisa ozimele abaqinile. Ama-Truss afanela uphahla olunezikhawu ezinde. Amahholo ezemidlalo asebenzisa imishayo ye-truss. Ozimele abaqinile bamelana namandla aqinile aseceleni. Izakhiwo eziningi eziphakeme zisebenzisa izinhlelo eziqinile. Izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zodonga nensimbi ehlanganisiwe zihlanganisa ukhonkolo nensimbi. Zifanela imibhoshongo edinga ukuqina okuqinile kweceleni.

Umklamo womhlahlandlela wezinhlobo zemithwalo. Umthwalo weqhwa ophahleni ubalulekile ezindaweni ezibandayo. Umthwalo womoya ubalulekile ezindaweni ezisogwini. Umthwalo wokuzamazama komhlaba ubalulekile ezindaweni zokuzamazama komhlaba. Isibonelo, isitoreji esingamamitha angu-30 singasebenzisa uhlaka oluqinile olunezinsimbi zokusekela. Lokho kugcina ukuzinza emoyeni. Uphahla lwenkundla olungamamitha angu-50 lungasebenzisa izisekelo zensimbi. Izisekelo zisakaza umthwalo kahle.

Ukuphakama kwesakhiwo nakho kubalulekile. Izakhiwo eziphansi zingasebenzisa ozimele abalula. Izakhiwo ezinde zidinga izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi eziseceleni. Abaklami baqhathanisa isisindo, izindleko, kanye nobunzima bokufaka. Baphinde bahlole imithetho yomlilo. Ezinye izinhlelo zidinga ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe emlilweni.

Ukukhethwa kwesistimu yesakhiwo kuthinta uhlobo lokuxhuma. Kuphinde kuthinte izindleko zesisekelo. Izinhlelo zokukhanya zinciphisa usayizi wesisekelo. Izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi. Lokhu konga imali. Ukukhetha uhlelo okufanele kuthuthukisa nokusebenza kahle kokwakha. Ngakho-ke, abaklami kumele bafunde isiqondiso somthwalo, indawo, kanye nenhloso yokwakha. Uhlelo olufanele luvikela isakhiwo amashumi eminyaka.

Izindlela Zokuxhumanisa Izinto

Ukuxhumeka kulawula ubuqotho besakhiwo. Izingxenye zensimbi zixhuma ngokushisela, ukubhoboza, noma ukugoba. Ukushisela kudala amalunga aqinile. Izitshalo eziningi zisebenzisa ukushisela kwe-arc kumakholomu kanye nemishayo. Ukuhlolwa kwezidingo zekhwalithi yokushisela. Izisebenzi ezinekhono ziqinisekisa ukushisela okubushelelezi. Ukushisela kuhambisana nokukhiqizwa kwefektri.

I-Bolting inikeza ukufakwa okusheshayo. Izisebenzi zihlanganisa izingxenye zensimbi endaweni. Ama-bolt anamandla aphezulu amelana nokuguguleka nokucindezeleka. Ibanga le-bolt 8.8 kanye ne-10.9 livela kumaphrojekthi amaningi. Amajoyinti e-bolting avumela ukushintshwa kamuva. Ukugcinwa kwesakhiwo kuba lula. Imiklamo eminingi yokuzamazama komhlaba ikhetha i-bolting ngoba ama-bolt amunca kahle amandla.

Ukuqhekeka kubonakala emabhulohweni amadala. Akuvamile ukuvela kumaphrojekthi amasha ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme.

Umklamo wokuxhuma ulandela isiqondiso somthwalo. Amandla okusika abusa amalunga ensimbi. Amandla e-Axial abusa amalunga ekholomu. Onjiniyela babala izinombolo zebholidi kanye nosayizi we-weld. Isibonelo, ibholidi elinokusika okungu-100kN lingadinga amabhawodi ayisishiyagalombili e-M20. Lokho kuncike esikhaleni kanye nezinga lensimbi. Abaklami bahlola ukumelana nokushelela kanye nokukhathala.

Ikhwalithi yokufaka ithinta ukuphepha. Amabhawodi axegayo anciphisa ukuzinza. Ukushisela okubi kubangela imifantu. Amaqembu okuhlola ahlola ijoyinti ngalinye. Ukuxhumeka okuqinile kunikeza izindlela zomthwalo ezizinzile. Kuphinde kuthuthukise ukusebenza okumelana nokushaqeka. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kokuxhumeka kudinga ukunakwa okufanayo njengokwakhiwa kwemishayo. Ukuxhumeka okufanele kugcina isakhiwo ndawonye ngesikhathi somoya noma ukuzamazama komhlaba.

Izinto Okufanele Uzicabangele Ngomklamo Ongashaqisi

Ukuzamazama komhlaba kudala ukunyakaza okuqinile okuvundlile. Izakhiwo zensimbi kumele zimunce amandla. Abaklami bathuthukisa ikhono lokumelana nokushaqeka besebenzisa izinsimbi zokubopha, ukuxhumeka okuqinile, kanye nezinhlelo zokunciphisa umswakama. Ama-X-braces akha ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezinhlangothi. Anciphisa ukuguquguquka. Izimboni eziningi zisebenzisa ama-X-braces ezindongeni eziseceleni. Ama-K-braces nawo avela kwezinye izakhiwo. Amafreyimu amelana nesikhathi ayamelana nokugoba. Afanele izakhiwo ezidinga indawo evulekile.

Ama-damper anciphisa ukudlidliza. Amunca amandla okushaqeka. Eminye imibhoshongo ephakeme isebenzisa ama-damper amakhulu alungisiwe. Anciphisa ukudlidliza ngesikhathi somoya onamandla noma ukuzamazama komhlaba.

Amakhodi okuklama i-Seismic anikeza idatha. Onjiniyela balandela izilinganiso zezindawo. Isibonelo, izindawo ezinezinga lokuqina lesi-8 zidinga ukusekelwa okuqinile kanye nensimbi eqinile. Izibalo zokusika isisekelo ziyasiza ekulinganisweni. Isakhiwo esinesisindo esingamathani angu-500 singase sibhekane nokusika isisekelo okungu-10%. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo oluseceleni kumele lumelane namandla avundlile angamathani angu-50.

Ukuguquguquka kokuxhumeka nakho kubalulekile. Ama-weld kumele agweme ukwehluleka ukuphuka. Ukushelela kwe-bolt kusiza ukumunca amandla. Ama-joint plate adinga ukujiya okwanele. Ama-base plate ekholomu adinga izikhonkwane eziqinile.

Ukwakheka kwesisekelo nakho kuthinta ukuphepha kokuzamazama komhlaba. Abaklami bakhetha isisekelo esijulile uma inhlabathi izizwa ibuthakathaka. Inhlabathi eqinile ithuthukisa ukuzinza.

Idizayini enhle engashaqeki ivimbela ukuwa. Ivikela abantu abangaphakathi. Iphinde inciphise izindleko zokulungisa ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba. Ngakho-ke, abaklami basebenzisa amakhodi anemininingwane. Izinqumo ezingashaqeki zengeza ukuphepha kwesikhathi eside ezakhiweni zensimbi.

Ukuvikelwa Okungagqwali Nokungashisi

Insimbi iyagqwala uma ibhekene nomswakama. Abaklami kumele bavikele insimbi ekugqwaleni. I-hot-dip galvanizing imboza insimbi ku-zinc. Ivimbela ukugqwala iminyaka eminingi. I-galvanizing ifanela izakhiwo zangaphandle. I-pending coated coating ibuye ivimbele ukugqwala. Izisebenzi zihlanza insimbi ngaphambi kokupenda. Ukuhlanza okuhle kuthuthukisa impilo yokupenda.

Izindawo ezisogwini zidinga ukuvikela ukugqwala okunamandla. Umoya kasawoti wandisa isivinini sokugqwala. Insimbi engagqwali ifanela lezi zindawo. Ibiza kakhulu kodwa ihlala isikhathi eside. Isibonelo, insimbi ye-Q355B ingadinga ukupendwa kabusha njalo eminyakeni emi-5 ezindaweni ezisogwini. Insimbi engagqwali 304 ihlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulungiswa okuningi.

Umklamo ongashi nawo ubalulekile. Insimbi ilahlekelwa amandla ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu. Upende ongashi uvikela insimbi emlilweni. Ukumbozwa okungashi nakho kuyasiza. Izakhiwo ezifinyeleleka emphakathini zidinga ukuvikelwa komlilo okuqinile. Amafektri kumele alandele imithetho yomlilo. Onjiniyela bahlola amahora okulinganisa umlilo. Ezinye izakhiwo zidinga ukuvikelwa kwamahora ama-2. Ezinye zidinga amahora ama-3.

Isheduli yokuhlola isekela ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Amaqembu ahlola upende njalo ngonyaka. Lungisa umonakalo omncane kusenesikhathi. Ukugqwala kusakazeka ngokushesha uma kungalungiswa. Ukuvikelwa okuhle konga izindleko futhi kwandisa isikhathi senkonzo.

Ukuchayeka kwemvelo kuqondisa ukukhetha kokugcina. Abaklami bahlanganisa izinto zokwakha, ukumbozwa, ukukhishwa kwamanzi, kanye nokugcinwa. Ukwelashwa okuhle okuvimbela ukugqwala kanye nokumelana nomlilo kugcina izakhiwo zensimbi ziphephile amashumi eminyaka.