Izinkampani zesimanje zidinga indawo yehhovisi eguquguqukayo nephumelelayo, isakhiwo sensimbi isakhiwo sehhovisi sinikeza ukusebenza okuqinile kanye nokwakhiwa okusheshayo. Amaphrojekthi amaningi asebenzisa ozimele bensimbi ezakhiweni kusukela ku-500 m² kuya ku-20,000 m².
Isakhiwo Sohlaka Lwensimbi?
Ozimele bensimbiIsekela indawo evulekile enkulu. Amahhovisi amaningi adinga ububanzi obuyi-10 m kuya ku-20 m ngaphandle kwezinsika zangaphakathi. Imishayo yensimbi ifinyelela kulezi zigaba kalula. Imishayo yekhonkrithi eqinisiwe ivame ukudinga ukujula okwengeziwe ububanzi obufanayo. Insimbi ivumela ukwakheka okulula. Imishayo yensimbi eminingi inesisindo esingaphansi ngo-20% kunemishayo yekhonkrithi emisebenzini efanayo.
Ozimele bensimbi basheshisa ukwakhiwa. Izisebenzi zihlanganisa izingxenye zensimbi endaweni ngokunemba okuphezulu. Amaphrojekthi amaningi ehhovisi aphakathi nendawo aqeda isakhiwo zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwezingama-60. Ozimele bekhonkrithi bavame ukuthatha isikhathi esingaphezulu ngo-60% ngoba badinga ukuqina. Insimbi inciphisa umsebenzi wokumanzi endaweni. Lokhu kunciphisa nothuli nomsindo.
Amafreyimu ensimbi amelana kahle nokuzamazama komhlaba. Amalunga amaningi ensimbi ayawohloka ngaphandle kokuwa. Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi izakhiwo zensimbi zimunca amandla angaphezu kuka-15% kuya ku-25% kunezakhiwo zekhonkrithi. Lokhu kuvikela isakhiwo ngesikhathi sokuzamazama okukhulu. Izifunda eziningi zamahhovisi ezindaweni zokuzamazama komhlaba zikhetha insimbi ngenxa yalesi sizathu.
Insimbi isekela izinguquko zesikhathi eside. Izinkampani eziningi zishintsha ukwakheka njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu. Amakholomu ensimbi avumela ukunyakaza okulula kokuhlukanisa. Izinhlelo zephansi zamukela izintambo ezengeziwe ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezinkulu. Lokhu kuguquguquka kusiza ukunciphisa izindleko zokuvuselela esikhathini esizayo ngo-10% kuya ku-30%.
Izinto zokwakha
Isakhiwo sehhovisi sesakhiwo sensimbi sisebenzisa izinto eziningi. Uhlaka oluyinhloko lusebenzisa insimbi yesigaba se-H noma insimbi yebhokisi. Insimbi yesigaba se-H ivame ukufinyelela izinga lokuqina le-Q235 noma i-Q345. Ikholomu evamile ibamba imithwalo eseduze ne-1500 kN. Ugongolo lwephansi luvame ukubamba imithwalo eseduze ne-500 kN.
Uhlelo lwephansi lusebenzisa amashidi edekhi kanye nokufakwa kokhonkolo. Amashidi amaningi edekhi asebenzisa insimbi ehlanganisiwe engu-0.8 mm kuya ku-1.2 mm. Imitha yesikwele yedekhi inesisindo esingaba ngu-8 kg kuya ku-12 kg. Izisebenzi zithela ukhonkolo ongu-80 mm kuya ku-120 mm ngaphezu kweshidi. Lokhu kudala isenzo esihlanganisiwe futhi kwandisa amandla.
Izinto zokwakha odongeni ziyahlukahluka. Amahhovisi amaningi asebenzisa izikhonkwane zensimbi ezilula ezinamabhodi e-gypsum. Ingqimba eyodwa yebhodi le-gypsum ivame ukuba nobukhulu obucishe bube ngu-12 mm. Ezinye izakhiwo zisebenzisa izindonga zamakhethini engilazi. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa ingilazi efudumele engu-6 mm kuya ku-12 mm. Uhlaka lwe-aluminium lubamba amaphaneli engilazi.Uhlelo lodonga lwamaphaneli esandwichfuthi kuyisinqumo esihle.
Izinhlelo zophahla zisebenzisa amaphaneli esandwich noma amashidi ensimbi anomshini wokushisa. Iphaneli yesandwich ye-PU ivame ukusebenzisa i-foam engu-50 mm kuya ku-100 mm. Ubuningi be-foam buvame ukufinyelela ku-38 kg/m³ kuya ku-42 kg/m³. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukulawula ukushisa.
Ukumbozwa kwangaphandle kusebenzisa amaphaneli e-aluminium, amaphaneli amatshe, noma izinhlelo zengilazi. Amaphaneli e-aluminium avame ukufinyelela ubukhulu obungu-3 mm. Amaphaneli amaningi amatshe afinyelela ku-20 mm. Lezi zinto zinikeza impilo ende nokubukeka okuhle.
Uhlelo lokuhlangana lusebenzisa amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu. Amabhawodi e-M20 kanye ne-M24 ahlala ejwayelekile. Amabhawodi amaningi agcina ukuqina okuseduze ne-100 kN kuya ku-150 kN. Ama-weld asekela nezingxenye ezibalulekile. Ukujula kwe-weld kuvame ukufika ku-6 mm kuya ku-10 mm.
Izinzuzo
Izakhiwo zamahhovisi zesakhiwo sensimbi zinikeza izinzuzo eziqinile. Isakhiwo sihlala silula. Uhlaka lwensimbi luvame ukuba nesisindo esingaphansi kuka-30% kuya ku-40% kunohlaka lwekhonkrithi. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zesisekelo. Izisekelo eziningi zisebenzisa ukhonkrithi ongaphansi ngo-15% kuya ku-25%.
Isakhiwo sithola amandla aphezulu. Amakholomu ensimbi asekela imithwalo esindayo enobukhulu obuncane. Ikholomu yensimbi ivame ukuba ngu-300 mm ngo-400 mm. Ikholomu yekhonkrithi yomthwalo ofanayo ivame ukudinga u-600 mm ngo-600 mm. Amakholomu amancane anikeza isikhala esingaphezulu sangaphakathi. Amahhovisi amaningi athola indawo engasetshenziswa ngo-5% ngensimbi.
Izakhiwo zensimbi zimelana kahle nomlilo ngokuvikelwa okufanele. Ukwembozwa okungashisi kunezela u-2 mm kuya ku-5 mm ebusweni bensimbi. Lokhu kuvumela isilinganiso sokumelana nomlilo samahora angu-1.5 kuya kwangu-2. Izindinganiso eziningi zehhovisi zilandela leli zinga.
Insimbi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwemvelo. Izingxenye eziningi zensimbi zivela emithonjeni ephinde yasetshenziswa. Amanye amafektri asebenzisa insimbi ephinde yasetshenziswa engu-30% kuya ku-60% ekukhiqizeni. Izisebenzi zingaphinde zisebenzise insimbi lapho isakhiwo sishintsha. Lokhu kunciphisa imfucuza.
Insimbi isekela ukwakhiwa okuhlanzekile. Izingxenye eziningi zensimbi zifika sezilungisiwe. Lokhu kunciphisa imfucuza endaweni ngo-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo. Amadolobha amaningi akhetha le ndlela yokunciphisa uthuli.
Insimbi ivumela ubude obude. Isakhiwo singaba namakamelo emihlangano abanzi noma izindawo zokusebenza ezivulekile. Abaklami abaningi basebenzisa ubude obuphakathi kwamamitha angu-9 kuya kwangu-12 ezitezi zehhovisi zesimanje. Lokhu kuthuthukisa induduzo kanye nenkululeko yokubeka.
Ukusebenza kanye nokuziphatha kwesikhathi eside
Isakhiwo sehhovisi sesakhiwo sensimbi sibonisa izinkomba zokusebenza eziqinile. Uhlaka lugcina ukuqina okuhle. Imishayo eminingi yensimbi ifinyelela imikhawulo yokuphambuka ngaphansi kuka-L/250 kuya ku-L/350. Lokhu kunciphisa ukudlidliza futhi kuthuthukisa induduzo.
Isakhiwo simelana kahle nemithwalo yomoya. Isakhiwo sehhovisi esiphakathi sivame ukubhekana nengcindezi yomoya eseduze no-0.5 kN/m² kuya ku-0.8 kN/m². Amafreyimu ensimbi aphatha le mithwalo kalula. Uhlelo lokusekela lusebenzisa amashubhu noma izinduku zensimbi. Induku yokusekela evamile imelana nokucindezeleka okungu-100 kN kuya ku-200 kN.
Izakhiwo zensimbi zilawula izinga lokushisa kahle ngokuvikela okuhle. Amaphaneli e-PU anobukhulu obungu-50 mm avame ukufinyelela inani lika-U eliseduze no-0.30 W/m²·K. Lokhu kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-10% kuya ku-20% ezindaweni zamahhovisi.
Ukusebenza kwe-acoustic kuyathuthuka ngezindonga ezinezingqimba. Amabhodi e-gypsum kanye noboya bokufudumeza kunciphisa umsindo ngo-40 dB kuya ku-50 dB. Lokhu kusekela umsebenzi othule. Amakamelo amaningi okuhlangana asebenzisa izingqimba ezimbili ukuze afinyelele amanani aphezulu nakakhulu.
Izindleko zokulungisa zesikhathi eside zihlala ziphansi. Amafreyimu ensimbi adinga ukuhlolwa njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu. Amafreyimu amaningi abonisa ukukhula kokugqwala okungaphansi kuka-0.1 mm ngonyaka ngesembozo esihle. Isembozo se-zinc esijwayelekile esingu-275 g/m² sivikela insimbi iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-25.
I-Harbin Dong`an Building Sheets Company ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili wemikhiqizo yesakhiwo sensimbi eShayina. Le nkampani yenze amakhulu amaphrojekthi obunjiniyela besakhiwo sensimbi emhlabeni wonke futhi inolwazi olucebile. Ithimba eliqinile labaklami kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza ethuthukisiwe njengemishini yokusika nge-laser kanye nama-drill e-3D CNC lingaqinisekisa ukwakheka okunengqondo kanye nokucutshungulwa okunembile kwezingxenye. Lokhu kungakugcinela izindleko ezengeziwe kanye nesikhathi sokwakha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-05-2025