Isibaya sezingulube sensimbi sisekela ukufuywa kwezingulube okuzinzile ezindaweni eziningi. Abalimi bafuna izindawo ezihlanzekile, ozimele abaqinile, kanye nokwakhiwa okusheshayo. Izibaya zensimbi ziyahlangabezana nalezi zidingo ngamandla amahle kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezilula. Isibaya esilula sezingulube ezingu-500 sivame ukusebenzisa cishe ama-380–450 m² womhlaba. Izibaya eziningi zifaka izibaya, imizila yokudla, imigqa yokungenisa umoya, kanye neziteshi zokulahla imfucuza.
Amapulazi amaningi akhethaozimele bensimbingoba ziphatha imithwalo yomoya engu-0.5–0.7 kN/m². Inqolobane yengulube yensimbi nayo iyasiza abalimi ukugcina amazinga okushisa azinzile. Amayunithi amaningi asebenzisa amafeni alungisekayo afinyelela ku-12,000–18,000 m³/h. Lezi zinqolobane zivikela izingulube futhi zithuthukisa isivinini sokukhiqiza.
Isakhiwo
Isibaya sezingulube sensimbi sisebenzisa ozimele abalula abasekela impilo ende yenkonzo. Izibaya eziningi zisebenzisa ozimele be-single-span kusukela ku-8-15 m ububanzi. Abalimi bakhetha ozimele be-clear-span ngoba bavumela ukwakheka kwangaphakathi okukhululekile. Uhlaka olujwayelekile luhlanganisa amakholomu, imishayo yophahla, ama-purlin, kanye nezinsimbi zokubopha. Ukuphakama kohlaka kuhlala cishe kumamitha angu-3-4.5. Uthambekele ophahleni luvame ukuhlala eduze kwama-degrees angu-10-15. Lezi zinombolo zisiza ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuthi kuhambe kahle ngesikhathi semvula.
Isakhiwo sisekela izibaya, izindlela zokuhamba, amafeni, kanye nemigqa yamanzi. Ingulube ngayinye ngokuvamile idinga isikhala sephansi esingu-0.8–1.2 m². Ukuhlelwa kwayo kugcina izingulube ziphephile futhi kunciphisa ukucindezeleka. Amafreyimu ensimbi aqinile agcina imithwalo yemishini engaba ngu-20–30 kg/m². Uhlelo lwephansi luvame ukusekela ama-feeder anesisindo esingu-15–25 kg ngalinye.
Izingobo zensimbi zisingatha umswakama ophezulu ngoba uhlaka luhlala luqinile ngaphansi komswakama. Imikhawulo emihle yokusekela iyanyakaza lapho amafeni egijima ngesivinini esikhulu. Isakhiwo siphinde sibambe amaphaneli okuvikela ophahleni. Lawa maphaneli asiza abalimi ukugcina izinga lokushisa langaphakathi liseduze no-18–26°C, okusekela ukukhula okuhle.Uhlelo lwesakhiwo sensimbikunikeza abalimi isisekelo esithembekile samathuluzi esimanje. Isimo sohlaka olulula sisiza abasebenzi ukuhlanza nokulungisa isibaya ngokushesha.
Izinto
Indlu yezingulube zensimbi isebenzisa kakhulu insimbi ye-Q235 noma ye-Q355. Lezi zinsimbi zinamandla okukhiqiza angu-235–355 MPa. Lawa mandla asekela ukukhiqizwa okuphephile nokuzinzile. Izingxenye zensimbi ezimbozwe nge-zinc zinciphisa ukugqwala. Izindawo eziningi zisebenzisa izendlalelo ze-zinc ezingama-80–120 g/m². Lolu ngqimba lusiza uhlaka ukuthi lumelane nemijikelezo emide yomswakama.
Amaphaneli odonga afakwe ugesi enza ingaphakathi lizinze. Amapulazi amaningi akhetha amaphaneli e-EPS, PU, noma e-PIR. Ubukhulu bephaneli buhlala phakathi kuka-50–75 mm. Iphaneli ye-PU enomoya ongu-0.3 W/m·K igcina amandla futhi yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwefeni. Izinqolobane eziningi zisebenzisa namafasitela e-aluminium ngoba amelana namanzi. Amanye amafasitela asebenzisa ingilazi ephindwe kabili enezendlalelo zomoya ezingu-10–12 mm.
Izinhlelo zophahla zivame ukusebenzisa amashidi ensimbi anombala. Lawa mashidi anesisindo esingu-4–6 kg/m². Isisindo esilula sisiza izisebenzi ukuwafaka ngokushesha. Abalimi basebenzisa i-mesh eyenziwe nge-galvanized kuma-pen, ebamba cishe ama-300–350 kg ngesethi ngayinye. Amapayipi amanzi asebenzisa i-PVC noma insimbi engagqwali. Imigqa yokudla isebenzisa izinsimbi ezijikelezayo ezihambisa izinto ezingama-400–600 kg/h.
Ukubeka phansi kusebenzisa izitezi ezinezinti ezenziwe ngensimbi noma ngezinto ezihlanganisiwe. Ipulangwe ngalinye lisekela cishe amakhilogremu angu-150–200. Ukukhetha izinto kusekela ukuhlanza okubushelelezi kanye nokugeleza okungcono kwemfucuza. Izinto ezinhle zinciphisa umsebenzi wokulungisa futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwesikhathi eside.
Izinzuzo
Isibaya sezingulube sensimbi sinikeza ukuqina okuqinile. Isibaya sensimbi sivame ukuhlala iminyaka engu-25-35 ngokunakekelwa okuvamile. Izingxenye zensimbi ziyamelana nezinambuzane, umlilo, kanye namakhemikhali amaningi. Lokhu kuqina kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezingulube nezisebenzi. Isisindo esincane sensimbi siphinde sinciphise izindleko zesisekelo. Ipulazi elincane livame ukonga u-10-18% ezindleleni eziyisisekelo uma kusetshenziswa insimbi.
Izingobo zensimbi zivumela ukwakhiwa okusheshayo. Izisebenzi zivame ukuqeda isingobo esingama-400 m² zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-18-25. Izingxenye ezilungisiwe kusengaphambili zinciphisa amaphutha futhi zisheshise ukufakwa. Isimo sesingobo siphinde sivumelane nemithwalo yomoya yesizini. Izingobo eziningi zisingatha isivinini somoya esingu-22-30 m/s.
Izingobo zensimbi zithuthukisa ukuhlanzeka. Izindawo ezibushelelezi zisiza amaqembu okuhlanza ukuqeda imisebenzi ngemizuzu engama-20-30. Isingobo siphinde sisekele izinhlelo zesimo sezulu ezizinzile. Umoya omuhle wehlisa amazinga e-ammonia abe ngaphansi kwe-10 ppm. Leli zinga lisekela ukukhula okuzinzile. Izingulube nazo zithola isisindo ngokushesha uma zihlala ezindaweni ezihlanzekile nezizinzile. Idatha evela emapulazini amaningi ikhombisa ukuthi amazinga okukhula athuthuka ngo-5-8% lapho izingobo zisebenzisa izakhiwo zensimbi.
Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nakho kuyathuthuka. Amaphaneli afakwe ugesi anciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukushisa ngo-30-40% uma kuqhathaniswa nezitini ezindala. Amafeni nama-cooling pad anciphisa ukucindezeleka kokushisa kwasehlobo. Le ndawo ezinzile isekela ukuguqulwa okungcono kokudla. Abalimi bavame ukuqopha isilinganiso sokudla esiseduze no-2.6-2.8. Isitini sensimbi sisekela ukuphathwa okuhlanzekile, umkhiqizo ophezulu, kanye nokuzinza kwesikhathi eside.
Amaphuzu Okuklama
Umklamo omuhle udala isibaya esihlanzekile nesisebenza kahle. Abalimi baqala ngokuhlela ububanzi besibaya. Izibaya eziningi zisebenzisa ububanzi obuyi-10-12 m ukuvumela imizila emibili yokudla. Usayizi wepeni ulandela ubudala bezingulube. Izingulube ezikhulisayo zidinga cishe i-0.8-1 m² ngayinye. Izingulube eziqeda zidinga i-1-1.2 m² ngayinye. Abaklami babeka nobubanzi bendlela yokuhamba ngezinyawo ku-0.8-1 m.
Umoya opholile uhlala ubalulekile. Abaklami babeka amandla e-fan ku-60–80 m³/h ngengulube ngayinye. Izindawo zokungenisa umoya zidinga izimo ezibushelelezi ukuze kugeleze kahle. Izibaya eziningi zisebenzisa ama-cooling pad anciphisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ngo-4–7°C.
Umklamo wokukhanyisa usekela impilo yengulube. Isibaya esihle sigcina ukukhanya ku-50–80 lux. Izibani ze-LED zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-20–30%. Imigqa yokudonsa amanzi ihlala ngaphansi kwephansi. Ukuthambeka okungu-2–3% kuvumela ukugeleza kwemfucuza.
Abaklami bakhetha futhi ukuvikela uphahla ngamaphaneli angu-50–75 mm. Lokhu kuvikela kugcina izinga lokushisa lizinzile. Udonga lophahla ludinga izikhala zomoya ezingu-0.3–0.5% wendawo yephansi. Lokhu kuvula kusiza ekunciphiseni ukwakheka kokushisa.
Ukuhlelwa kwendlu yokugcina impahla kusekela nemishini yokuhlanza. Iminyango ivame ukuhlala ububanzi obungu-1.2–1.5 m. Lobubanzi buvumela imishini ukuthi ihambe ngokukhululeka. Inqubo yokuklama igxile ekuphepheni, ekugelezeni komoya, ekuhlanzekeni, kanye nenduduzo yabasebenzi.
Izinzuzo zabakhiqizi abangochwepheshe
Isibaya sezingulube sensimbi sinezidingo eziphakeme zekhwalithi nokufakwa kwezingxenye. Ukuntuleka namaphutha ezingxenyeni zensimbi noma amaphaneli kungabangela ukuthi isakhiwo singafakwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha imikhiqizo nabakhiqizi abasezingeni eliphezulu.
I-Harbin Dong'an Building Sheets Company ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili wemikhiqizo yesakhiwo sensimbi eShayina. Le nkampani inolwazi oluningi ekuklameni izakhiwo zensimbi. Ithimba lonjiniyela lihlola indawo ngayinye futhi lidale amapulani anembile. Amakhasimende athola imiklamo ephephile kanye nokufakwa okubushelelezi.
Lesi sitshalo sinemishini yesimanje efana nemishini yokusika nge-laser, imishini yokubhola ye-3D CNC kanye nemishini yokwenza i-polyurethane foam. Le mishini inciphisa amaphutha ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo futhi yandisa ukunemba. Inkampani inaka kakhulu ukuqina, izakhiwo zokulwa nokugqwala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo. Ugongolo ngalunye kanye nephaneli kuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi eziqinile. Amakhasimende ajabulela izakhiwo ezizinzile kanye nenqubo yokwakha ethembekile. Le nkampani inikeza izixazululo ezenzelwe wena zezakhiwo ezikhethekile kanye nemisebenzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-03-2025